复旦大学粟硕小组取得一项新突破。他们开发出被公共卫生监测忽视的哺乳动物中病原体和抗生素耐药基因的广泛跨物种传播。相关论文于2025年8月26日发表于国际顶尖学术期刊《细胞》杂志上。

通过对973例无症状哺乳动物的粪便和组织样本进行宏基因组和亚转录组测序，小组确定了128个病毒主题（30个新病毒），包括一个新的冠状病毒基因，10255种细菌（超过7000种未描述），201种真菌和7种寄生虫。养殖哺乳动物和野生哺乳动物共有13.3%的病毒种，其中包括亚洲黑熊的犬冠状病毒和家兔的Getah病毒，而在野生豹猫中发现了H5N1禽流感病毒的2.3.4.4b分支。

该课题组人员确定了养殖和野生哺乳动物之间潜在的细菌病原体传播，以及与人类中发现的细菌具有高度遗传相似性的菌株。小组观察到哺乳动物微生物组中157个临床优先抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）与人类微生物组中ARGs的一致性大于99%，通常与移动遗传元件共存。总的来说，这项工作强调了人与动物界面的跨物种风险。

据介绍，非传统养殖和野生哺乳动物在病原体监测中往往被忽视。

附：英文原文

Title: Extensive cross-species transmission of pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes in mammals neglected by public health surveillance

Author: Yuqi Shi, Yuxing Li, Haipeng Li, Ayidana Haerheng, Vanessa R. Marcelino, Meng Lu, Philippe Lemey, Jia Tang, Yuhai Bi, John H.-O. Pettersson, Jon Bohlin, Joon Klaps, Zuowei Wu, Wenbo Wan, Bowen Sun, Mei Kang, Edward C. Holmes, Na He, Shuo Su

Issue&Volume: 2025-08-26

Abstract: Non-traditional farmed and wild mammals are often neglected in pathogen surveillance. Through metagenomic and metatranscriptomic sequencing of fecal and tissue samples from 973 asymptomatic mammals, we identified 128 viruses (30 novel), including a new coronavirus genus, 10,255 bacterial species (over 7,000 undescribed), 201 fungi, and 7 parasites. Farmed and wild mammals shared 13.3% of virus species, including canine coronavirus in Asiatic black bears and Getah virus in rabbits, while the 2.3.4.4b clade of H5N1 avian influenza virus was found in a wild leopard cat. We identified potential bacterial pathogen transmission between farmed and wild mammals and bacterial strains with high genetic similarity to those found in humans. We observed 157 clinically prioritized antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in mammalian microbiomes with greater than 99% identity to ARGs from human microbiomes, often co-occurring with mobile genetic elements. Overall, this work highlights cross-species risks at the human-animal interface.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.08.016

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/S0092-8674(25)00971-7