近日，德国量子技术研究所Christian Brand团队研究了氦和氢原子通过单层石墨烯的衍射。2025年8月14日出版的《科学》杂志发表了这项成果。

从表面的原子衍射提供了详细的见解结构、相互作用和动态过程，然而，该方法目前仅限于通过材料的反射衍射测量，仅对亚原子粒子进行了验证，对原子来说是一个突出的挑战。

在这项工作中，研究组以千电子伏特能量衍射氦和氢原子，通过单层石墨烯以正常入射衍射。尽管原子的高动能以及与石墨烯电子系统的耦合，但研究组观察到了相干散射。相干性得以保持，源于入射粒子与晶格间有限的动量转移，该转移过程发生于飞秒量级的时间尺度。

附：英文原文

Title: Diffraction of helium and hydrogen atoms through single-layer graphene

Author: Carina Kanitz, Jakob Bühler, Vladimír Zoba, Joseph J. Robinson, Toma Susi, Maxime Debiossac, Christian Brand

Issue&Volume: 2025-08-14

Abstract: Diffraction of atoms from surfaces provides detailed insights into structures, interactions, and dynamical processes. However, the method is currently limited to measurements in reflection—diffraction through materials has only been demonstrated for subatomic particles and is an outstanding challenge for atoms. In this work, we diffract helium and hydrogen atoms at kilo–electron volt energies through single-layer graphene at normal incidence. Despite the atoms’ high kinetic energy as well as coupling to the electronic system of graphene, we observe coherent scattering. This preservation of coherence was the result of the limited momentum transfer between the projectile and the lattice, resulting from interaction times on the femtosecond scale.

DOI: adx5679

Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adx5679