近日，法国克莱蒙奥弗涅大学Abigail Metcalfe团队揭示海底的火山灰由一次大型火山爆发产生的穿越海岸线的火山碎屑流带来。2025年8月15日出版的《科学进展》杂志发表了这项成果。

岛上火山爆发的大规模火山爆发向海洋环境输送了大量的火山灰。虽然人们已经了解了许多运输途径，但那些来自穿越海岸线或海底火山碎屑流的运输途径，以及它们向水支持的重力流的转变，仍然知之甚少。

研究组报告了国际海洋发现计划（IODP）在南爱琴海火山弧裂谷盆地深层钻探中发现的200米厚的火山灰岩。这个73立方公里的火山灰沉积物来自于161万年前发生在东部120公里处的科斯高原凝灰岩火山口喷发。火山灰形成了一种化学上均匀的、分级的、没有生物扰动的巨石，这被解释为是由火山喷发产生的浊流形成的。火山灰中的生物碎屑碎片提供了海洋生态系统遭到广泛破坏的证据。大型火山爆发可以重塑海底景观，沉积厚厚的火山灰浊积物，并在短暂的灾难性事件中摧毁整个岛弧范围内的海洋生物群。

附：英文原文

Title: Submarine ash megabed fed by far-traveled, shoreline-crossing pyroclastic currents from a large explosive volcanic eruption

Author: Abigail Metcalfe, Tim Druitt, Katharina Pank, Steffen Kutterolf, Jonas Preine, Karim Kelfoun, Christian Hübscher, Paraskevi Nomikou, Thomas A. Ronge, Shun Chiyonobu, Olga Koukousioura, Adam Woodhouse, Sarah Beethe, Michael Manga, Iona McIntosh, Masako Tominaga, Carole Berthod, Hehe Chen, Acacia Clark, Susan DeBari, Ralf Gertisser, Raymond Johnston, Ally Peccia, Yuzuru Yamamoto, Alexis Bernard, Tatiana Fernandez Perez, Christopher K. Jones, Kumar Batuk Joshi, Günther Kletetschka, Molly McCanta, Antony Morris, Paraskevi Polymenakou, Xiaohui Li, Jean-Marie Nedelec, Hao-Yang Lee, Dimitrios Papanikolaou

Issue&Volume: 2025-08-15

Abstract: Large explosive volcanic eruptions from island volcanoes deliver vast quantities of ash to the marine environment. While many of the transport pathways are understood, those from shoreline-crossing or submarine pyroclastic currents, and their transformation into water-supported gravity flows, remain poorly constrained. We report the discovery by International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) deep drilling of a 200-meter-thick ash megabed buried in rift basins of the South Aegean Volcanic Arc. The >73–cubic kilometer ash deposit originates from the Kos Plateau Tuff caldera-forming eruption, which occurred 161 thousand years ago, >120 kilometers to the east. The ash forms a chemically uniform, graded megabed lacking bioturbation, interpreted as having been emplaced by a stream of eruption-fed turbidity currents. Bioclastic debris within the ash provides evidence of widespread destruction of marine ecosystems. Large volcanic eruptions can remodel the seafloor landscape, deposit thick ash turbidites, and destroy marine biota on island arc–wide scales in short-lived, catastrophic events.

DOI: ads9642

Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.ads9642