近日，东华大学徐桂银团队实现了基于界面极化增强的高介电常数可生物降解纤维膜高效低阻力空气净化。该研究于2025年7月31日发表在《中国化学》杂志上。

聚合物纤维过滤器在去除颗粒物（PM）、减少环境危险因素和心血管疾病方面发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，高过滤效率与低气流阻力之间的矛盾限制了聚合物过滤器的过滤性能，同时加剧了微塑料污染。

研究组提出了一种界面极化策略，制备具有高相对介电常数的可生物降解纤维膜，以高效低阻的方式过滤PM。该膜由丝素蛋白（SF）和羊毛纤维膜（wool）构成，其中丝素蛋白与羊毛表面结合形成交联网络。具体来说，SF上的极性基团（-NH₂/-OH）与空气中的水分子形成动态氢键网络，增强了界面极化，将相对介电常数提高到8.4。

基于这种高介电常数，负载20 mg SF （SF@Wool）的Wool在空气阻力为8 Pa的情况下达到99.69%的PM0.3过滤效率。同时，SF@Wool的过滤效率在30 d内衰减小于0.5%，具有良好的长期稳定性。此外，SF@Wool的可生物降解特性有效地防止了微塑料污染（经碱性溶液处理后14 d内可在土壤中完全降解）。

附：英文原文

Title: High-Dielectric-Constant and Biodegradable Fiber Membrane for High-Efficiency and Low-Resistance Air Purification by the Interfacial Polarization Enhancement†

Author: Yi Wang, Enze Tian, Chenyang Dang, Minghui Shan, Yu Chu, Yinfeng Guo, Jun Liu, Qixuan Zhu, Lang Yu, Lei Cheng, Jinhan Mo, Guiyin Xu, Meifang Zhu

Issue&Volume: 2025-07-31

Abstract: Polymer fiber filters play a vital role in removing particulate matter (PM), reducing environmental risk factors and cardiovascular diseases. However, the contradiction between high filtration efficiency and low airflow resistance limits the filtration performance of polymer filters, while exacerbating the microplastic contamination. Herein, we proposed an interface polarization strategy to fabricate a biodegradable fiber membrane with a high relative dielectric constant to filter the PM in a high-efficiency and low-resistance way. The membrane was constructed by silk fibroin (SF) and wool fiber membrane (Wool), where the SF bonded on the wool surface to form a crosslinked network. Specifically, polar groups (-NH2/-OH) on SF form a dynamic hydrogen-bonding network with airborne water molecules, enhancing the interface polarization and elevating the relative dielectric constant to 8.4. Based on this high dielectric constant, Wool loaded with 20 mg of SF (SF@Wool) reaches PM0.3 filtration efficiency of 99.69%, with air resistance of 8 Pa. Meanwhile, SF@Wool exhibits filtration efficiency decay of less than 0.5% over 30 d, demonstrating excellent long-term stability. Furthermore, the biodegradable properties of SF@Wool effectively prevent microplastic pollution (it can be completely degraded in soil within 14 d after treatment with alkaline solution).

DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.70212

Source: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cjoc.70212