近日，兰州大学陈熙萌团队研究了沉积电荷在低能电子通过绝缘纳米毛细管传输中的作用。相关论文于2025年7月30日发表在《物理评论A》杂志上。

课题组通过实验和模拟研究了低能电子在聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纳米毛细管中的传输。结果表明，带入射能量的电子的传输主要发生在几何允许的角度内，并沿入射方向射出。直接透射电子的速率随时间减小，其角分布随入射电荷的增加而变宽。通过考虑毛细壁上沉积的电荷、成像力和电子散射过程，研究组进行了试探性模拟来解释实验结果。

阻挡电子随入射能量传输的原因解释为：吸引库仑场的形成，由于弹射体的冲击和二次电子的产生，毛细血管内部从相反的（正电荷）电荷向入射电子传输。直接透射电子的全角分布的展宽是由于毛细管膜体的电荷作用。这为电荷贴片的产生及其在通过绝缘纳米毛细管传输电子中的作用这一有争议的问题提供了证据。

附：英文原文

Title: Role of the deposited charge in the transmission of low-energy electrons through insulating nanocapillaries

Author: Shuai Ha, Pengfei Li, Wenming Zhang, Bo Jin, Ben Niu, Zidong Chen, Hua Yuan, Chengliang Wan, Ying Cui, Ke Yao, Yue Ma, Zhihu Yang, Reinhold Schuch, Hongqiang Zhang, Ximeng Chen

Issue&Volume: 2025/07/30

Abstract: The transmission of low-energy electrons through polyethylene terephthalate nanocapillaries is studied both by experiments and simulations. It is found that the transmission of electrons with incident energy occurs mostly within the geometrically allowed angle and they exit along the incident direction. The rate of the directly transmitted electrons decreases with time and their angular distributions broaden as the incident charge increases. A tentative simulation is performed to explain the experimental results by taking into account the deposited charges on the capillary walls, the image force, and electron scattering processes. The blocking of the transmission of the electrons with the incident energy is explained to be from the formation of the attractive Coulomb field, from the opposite (positive) charge to the incident electron inside the capillaries due to the impact of the projectiles and the production of secondary electrons. The broadening of the full angular distribution for the directly transmitted electrons is attributed to the charging of the bulk of the capillary membrane. This provides evidence for the controversial issue of the production of charge patches and their role in transmitting electrons through insulating nanocapillaries.

DOI: 10.1103/m1fy-8ntn

Source: https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/m1fy-8ntn