近日，中国科学技术大学李向阳团队研究了具有连续纠缠分布的高效量子电路执行。2025年7月8日出版的《物理评论A》杂志发表了这项成果。

近年来，量子网络和分布式量子计的快速发展为大规模量子算法的实现创造了新的机遇。然而，这一进步也提出了一个重大挑战：在量子计内有效地执行基于纠缠分布协议的量子程序。研究组分析了分布式量子电路执行环境下现有的纠缠分布协议，重点讨论了纠缠的按需分布（按需协议）和纠缠的连续分布（CD协议）。他们定义了CD协议中的最小深度量子比特映射和调度问题，并提出了一个系统的解决方案，包括协议分析、电路划分和映射以及远程操作调度。

此外，研究组还引入了一种连接优先交换（CFS）方案，在分布式量子电路的执行中，该方案在大多数情况下优于单随机交换（SRS）方案。广泛的评估证明了该算法的有效性，在平均带宽为1、3和5的情况下，电路执行时间分别显著减少了52.4%、49.9%和53.1%。CFS协议进一步提高了性能，与SRS协议相比，执行时间分别减少了24.5%、19.7%和17.8%。该方法还降低了纠缠成本，在平均带宽为3的情况下，与基线方法相比，平均降低了20.3%的消耗，而CFS协议与SRS协议相比，进一步降低了11.5%的成本。

附：英文原文

Title: Efficient quantum circuit execution with continuous distribution of entanglement

Author: Hao Fu, Fangzheng Chen, Mingzheng Zhu, Chi Zhang, Jun Wu, Wei Xie, Xiang-Yang Li

Issue&Volume: 2025/07/08

Abstract: In recent years, the rapid development of quantum networks and distributed quantum clusters has created new opportunities to implement large-scale quantum algorithms. However, this advancement also presents a significant challenge: efficiently executing quantum programs based on entanglement distribution protocols within quantum clusters. This paper analyzes existing entanglement distribution protocols in the context of distributed quantum circuit execution, focusing on the on-demand distribution of entanglement (on-demand protocols) and the continuous distribution of entanglement (CD protocols). We define the min-depth qubit mapping and scheduling problem within the CD protocols, and we propose a systematic solution that encompasses protocol analysis, circuit partitioning and mapping, and remote operation scheduling. Furthermore, we introduce a connectivity-first swapping (CFS) scheme that outperforms the single random swap (SRS) scheme in the execution of distributed quantum circuits in most cases. Extensive evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithms, achieving significant reductions in circuit execution times of 52.4%, 49.9%, and 53.1% in clusters with average bandwidths of 1, 3, and 5, respectively. The CFS protocol further enhances performance, reducing execution time by 24.5%, 19.7%, and 17.8% compared to the SRS protocol. Our method also reduces entanglement costs, decreasing consumption by an average of 20.3% compared to the baseline method at an average bandwidth of 3, while the CFS protocol further reduces costs by 11.5% compared to the SRS protocol.

DOI: 10.1103/3xc7-j3mn

Source: https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/3xc7-j3mn