南京信息工程大学陆春松团队研究了对流夹带和地形阻力对青藏高原降水的联合影响。2025年7月8日，该研究成果发表在《中国科学：地球科学》杂志。

青藏高原（TP）在亚洲和全球气候中都起着关键作用。青藏高原是数值模式降水偏差最大的地区之一。青藏高原降水模拟的偏差与其独特的对流过程和复杂的地形效应密切相关。

研究组以天气研究与预报（WRF）模式为主题，在2019年夏季对青藏高原进行了为期两个月的模拟，旨在研究具有优化携带过程的积云方案和湍流地形阻力（TOFD）方案对云和降水模拟的综合影响。结果表明：优化后的积云方案减小了湿性偏差，而TOFD方案调整了降水模拟的空间分布，使其更接近观测值，特别是减少了TP南坡的湿性偏差。

优化后的积云方案增加了模拟对流夹带率，减少了对流云深、对流降水频率和对流降水强度，从而减少了对流降水量。TOFD方案通过减弱向TP的水汽输送、风速、垂直速度和云物理过程来减少TP南坡的降水。两种方案的联合主题融合了各自的优势，共同提高了青藏高原降水模拟的精度。研究结果减少了青藏高原夏季降水模拟的偏差，为该地区的天气气候研究和降水预报提供了可靠的科学依据。

附：英文原文

Title: The combined effects of convective entrainment and orographic drag on precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau

Author: Junjun LI, Chunsong LU, Jinghua CHEN, Xu ZHOU, Kun YANG, Xiaoqi XU, Xianghua WU, Lei ZHU, Xin HE, Shiying WU, Pengcheng LIN

Issue&Volume: 2025/07/08

Abstract: The Tibetan Plateau (TP) plays a key role in both Asian and global climates. TP is one of the regions with the largest precipitation deviations in numerical models. The biases in precipitation simulations over the TP are closely related to its distinctive convective processes and complex topographic effects. This study uses the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to conduct a two-month simulation over the TP during the summer of 2019, aiming to investigate the combined impact of a cumulus scheme with optimized entrainment process and a turbulent orographic form drag (TOFD) scheme on cloud and precipitation simulations. The results show that the optimized cumulus scheme reduces the wet bias, while the TOFD scheme adjusts the spatial distribution of precipitation simulation, bringing it closer to the observations, especially by reducing the wet bias on the southern slope of the TP. The optimized cumulus scheme increases the simulated convective entrainment rate, leading to reduced convective cloud depth, convective precipitation frequency, and convective precipitation intensity, thereby decreasing the amount of convective precipitation. The TOFD scheme reduces precipitation on the southern slope of the TP by weakening moisture transport toward the TP, wind speed, vertical velocity, and cloud physical processes. The combined use of the two schemes integrates their advantages and jointly improves the accuracy of precipitation simulation over the TP. The results reduce the bias in summer precipitation simulations over the TP and provide a reliable scientific reference for weather and climate research, as well as precipitation forecasting in this region.

DOI: 10.1007/s11430-024-1619-5

Source: https://www.sciengine.com/SCES/doi/10.1007/s11430-024-1619-5