近日，兰州大学贺金生团队研究了土壤微生物和植物对气候变暖的不同物候响应。该研究于2025年7月29日发表在《自然—地球科学》杂志上。

人为的气候变暖正在改变全球各营养层的物候——生命周期事件的生物时间。然而，目前尚不清楚变暖是否会导致植物和土壤微生物物候的差异变化——这是陆地生物多样性和食物链的两个基本组成部分。

研究组基于1032个全球分布的植物和/或土壤微生物呼吸的物候变化响应实验变暖的观测结果，报告了气候变暖下植物和土壤微生物物候变化之间一致的不匹配。与植物地上部分和根部相比，土壤微生物的春季物候提前和秋季物候延迟的程度更大，尤其是在高植被（如森林）条件下，与低植被（如草原）相比更为显著。

此外，土壤微生物的物候变化在碳氮比高的土壤中，如在北方地区，比在碳氮比低的土壤中更大。这种植物与土壤微生物之间的物候不匹配可能会破坏它们的时间同步，使地上和地下的过程脱钩，并最终降低气候变暖下的能量流动和生态系统功能。

附：英文原文

Title: Divergent phenological responses of soil microorganisms and plants to climate warming

Author: Wang, Hao, Zhou, Huimin, He, Jin-Sheng, Lu, Chunyan, Huang, Yixuan, Zhang, Juanjuan, Liu, Huiying, Thakur, Madhav P.

Issue&Volume: 2025-07-29

Abstract: Anthropogenic climate warming is altering phenology—the biological timing of life-cycle events—across trophic levels worldwide. However, it remains unclear whether warming induces differential changes in phenology between plants and soil microorganisms—two fundamental components of terrestrial biodiversity and food chains. Here we report a consistent mismatch between plant and soil microbial phenology under climate warming, on the basis of 1,032 globally distributed observations of phenological shifts in plant and/or soil microbial respiration in response to experimental warming. Advances in spring phenology and delays in autumn phenology are greater in soil microorganisms than in both plant shoots and roots, particularly under tall vegetation (for example, forests) compared with low vegetation (for example, grasslands). Furthermore, phenology shifts in soil microorganisms are greater in soils with high carbon-to-nitrogen ratios, such as those in boreal regions, than in those with lower ratios. Such phenological mismatches between plants and soil microorganisms could destabilize their temporal synchrony, decoupling above- and belowground processes, and ultimately degrading energy flow and ecosystem functioning under climate warming.

DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01738-9

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-025-01738-9