2023年，地球海洋的海洋热浪（MHW）异常激增，在持续时间、范围和强度方面都创下了新纪录，热浪活动总量达到536亿°C天平方公里，比1982年以来的历史常态高出三个标准差以上。值得注意的事件包括北大西洋MHW（276年回复期）和西南太平洋（141年）。
利用ECCO2（估算海洋环流和气候-第二阶段）高分辨率每日数据，研究组进行了混合层热收支分析，并确定了特定区域的驱动因素：北大西洋和北太平洋短波通量增强，混合层变浅，西南太平洋云量减少，平流增加，热带东太平洋海洋平流增加。2023年的极端天气预报强调了气候变暖日益加剧的影响以及在理解极端事件方面面临的挑战。
附：英文原文
Title: Record-breaking 2023 marine heatwaves
Author: Tianyun Dong, Zhenzhong Zeng, Ming Pan, Dashan Wang, Yuntian Chen, Lili Liang, Shuai Yang, Yubin Jin, Shuxin Luo, Shijing Liang, Xiaowen Huang, Dongzhi Zhao, Alan D. Ziegler, Deliang Chen, Laurent Z. X. Li, Tianjun Zhou, Dongxiao Zhang
Issue&Volume: 2025-07-24
Abstract: The year 2023 witnessed an extraordinary surge in marine heatwaves (MHWs) across Earth’s oceans, setting new records in duration, extent, and intensity, with MHW activity totaling 53.6 billion °C days square kilometer—more than three standard deviations above the historical norm since 1982. Notable events include the North Atlantic MHW (276-year return period) and the Southwest Pacific (141 years). Using ECCO2 (Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean-Phase II) high-resolution daily data, we conducted a mixed-layer heat budget analysis and identified region-specific drivers: enhanced shortwave flux and a shallower mixed layer in the North Atlantic and North Pacific, reduced cloud cover and increased advection in the Southwest Pacific, and oceanic advections in the Tropical Eastern Pacific. The 2023 MHWs highlight the intensifying impacts of a warm climate and the challenges in understanding extreme events.
DOI: adr0910
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adr0910