美国加州大学Abby F. Dernburg研究小组提出了交叉模式通过凝聚和粗化的前交叉因素。2025年6月19日，国际知名学术期刊《自然—细胞生物学》发表了这一成果。

本研究表明，在秀丽隐杆线虫中，“重组结节”，稳定重组中间体和促进交叉形成的蛋白质组装，部分通过生物分子缩合组装，并通过CDK-2激酶活性稳定。研究组进一步证明，这些结节的基本成分沿着突触复合体（SC）移动，并且在同一核胞内的SC之间不自由交换。他们的发现揭示了重组结节表现为活跃的液滴，并支持了一个模型，在这个模型中，通过沿着液晶SCs的蛋白质易位使这些液滴变粗是交叉模式的基础。

据了解，减数分裂重组混合来自亲本基因组的遗传信息，产生独特的等位基因组合。在减数分裂前期，每对同源染色体至少要经过一次交叉才能准确分离。只有少数重组中间体成为交叉染色体，这些交叉染色体间隔很宽，或者每对染色体只有一个。调控交叉数和间隔的机制仍然知之甚少。

附：英文原文

Title: Crossover patterning through condensation and coarsening of pro-crossover factors

Author: Zhang, Liangyu, Stauffer, Weston, Liu, Chenshu, Shao, Hengyi, Abuzahriyeh, Noor, Jiang, Rui, Zwicker, David, Liu, Xing, Yao, Xuebiao, Dernburg, Abby F.

Issue&Volume: 2025-06-19

Abstract: Meiotic recombination mixes genetic information from parental genomes, creating unique combinations of alleles. During meiotic prophase, each homologue pair must undergo at least one crossover to segregate faithfully. Only a few recombination intermediates become crossovers, and these are widely spaced or limited to one per chromosome pair. Mechanisms that regulate crossover number and spacing remain poorly understood. Here we show that, in Caenorhabditis elegans, ‘recombination nodules’, protein assemblies that stabilize recombination intermediates and promote crossover formation, assemble in part through biomolecular condensation and are stabilized by CDK-2 kinase activity. We further demonstrate that essential components of these nodules move along the synaptonemal complex (SC) and do not freely exchange between SCs in the same nucleus. Our findings reveal that recombination nodules behave as active droplets and support a model in which coarsening of these droplets via protein translocation along liquid crystalline SCs underlies crossover patterning.

DOI: 10.1038/s41556-025-01688-9

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41556-025-01688-9