南京信息工程大学章炎麟团队揭示了中国的二氧化硫减排促进了东亚大气臭氧驱动的硫酸盐气溶胶生产。这一研究成果于2025年6月9日发表在《美国科学院院刊》杂志上。
研究发现，中国二氧化硫排放的减少会非线性地降低东亚大气硫酸盐（SO42-）气溶胶浓度。与欧洲和北美相比，东亚减少SO42-的有效性较低，这表明在这个人为排放量高的地区，“酸度敏感”的反馈机制产生了很大影响，但尚未得到研究。
在这项工作中，研究组通过长期测量硫酸盐气溶胶中与质量无关的氧-17异常（Δ17O）、机器学习和社区多尺度空气质量（CMAQ）模型，研究了东亚的这些反馈机制。随着中国排放量的减少，大气酸度降低，增强了臭氧驱动的s（IV）氧化和硫酸盐形成的生产效率。这解释了SO42-浓度下降比SO2排放弱的原因。
根据非海盐硫酸盐中观测到的Δ17O（Δ17O-nss-SO42-）和CMAQ模拟的证据，S（IV）+O3对硫酸盐的贡献因SO2排放减少而大大增强，这解释了东亚SO42-减排的低效性。此外，预计大量NH3排放导致的酸度降低将持续到2050年，从而限制了SO42-的减排效果。因此，研究组强调，需要对SO2和NH3排放进行全球控制，以有效缓解与硫酸盐相关的气候和污染，特别是在东亚等高NH3排放地区。
附：英文原文
Title: China’s SO2 emission reductions enhance atmospheric ozone–driven sulfate aerosol production in East Asia
Author: Lin, Yu-Chi, Zhao, Yan, Zhang, Yan-Lin, Hong, Yihang, Hattori, Shohei, Itahashi, Syuichi, Fan, Mei-Yi, Xie, Feng, Zhao, Zhu-Yu, Yu, Mingyuan, Cao, Fang, Xu, Rongshuang, Li, Jianghanyang, Kawamura, Kimitaka, Thiemens, Mark H.
Issue&Volume: 2025-6-9
Abstract: Reduction of China’s SO2 emissions has been found to nonlinearly decrease the atmospheric sulfate (SO42) aerosol concentrations in East Asia. Compared to Europe and North America, the lower effectiveness of SO42 reduction in East Asia suggested much effects of “acidity-sensitive” feedback mechanisms in this high anthropogenic emission region, which have not been yet examined. In this work, we investigated these feedback mechanisms in East Asia through long-term measurements of the mass-independent oxygen-17 anomaly (Δ17O) in sulfate aerosols, machine learning and Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. As China’s emissions reduced, the atmospheric acidity decreased, enhancing the ozone-driven oxidation of S(IV) and production efficiency of sulfate formation. This explained the weaker declining SO42 concentrations than SO2 emissions. By the evidence from observed Δ17O in non-sea-salt sulfate (Δ17O-nss-SO42) and CMAQ simulations, the highly enhanced contributions of S(IV)+O3 to sulfate driven by reduced SO2 emissions explained the low effectiveness of SO42 reduction in East Asia. Additionally, the decreases of acidity by substantial NH3 emissions are projected to continue until 2050, limiting SO42 reduction effectiveness. Thus, we highlighted that global control of both SO2 and NH3 emissions are needed to efficiently mitigate the sulfate-related climate and pollution, especially in high NH3 emission region, such as East Asia.
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2414064122
Source: https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2414064122