海洋研究所Erling Kre Stenevik研究组在研究中取得进展。他们揭示了鲱鱼在渔业引起的集体记忆丧失后向极地繁殖。该项研究成果发表在2025年5月7日出版的《自然》上。

诱引是洄游鱼类洄游的一个过程，通过社会学习，将洄游路线从重复产卵者转移到几代新产卵者。因此，选择性捕捞老龄鱼类可能导致集体记忆丧失和洄游养殖中断。世界上最大的鲱鱼（Clupea harengthem）种群传统上从挪威北部水域的越冬区迁移到向南数公里，在西海岸产卵。这种保守策略被认为是在高能量游泳成本和改善生长条件下提高幼虫存活率之间的一种权衡。

在这里，对渔业、科学调查和标记实验的大量数据的分析表明，主要产卵区突然向极地移动了约800公里。新的迁徙是通过大规模的队列招募建立的，当时由于年龄选择性渔业，老年鱼类的丰度非常低。文化迁移所需的记忆阈值可能没有达到——由于迁徙限制和气候变化，老鱼和新鱼之间的时空重叠减少，这种情况进一步加剧了。最后，少数老一辈的幸存者接受了新兵的移民文化，而不是历史上的移民文化。这可能对生产和沿海生态产生深远的影响，对洄游鱼群的管理提出挑战。

附：英文原文

Title: Herring spawned poleward following fishery-induced collective memory loss

Author: Slotte, Aril, Salthaug, Are, Vatnehol, Sindre, Johnsen, Espen, Mousing, Erik Askov, Hines, ge, Broms, Cecilie Thorsen, Bjarnason, Sigurvin, Homrum, Eydna, Skagseth, ystein, Stenevik, Erling Kre

Issue&Volume: 2025-05-07

Abstract: Entrainment is a process in schooling migratory fish whereby routes to suitable habitats are transferred from repeat spawners to recruits over generations through social learning1. Selective fisheries targeting older fish may therefore result in collective memory loss and disrupted migration culture2. The world’s largest herring (Clupea harengus) population has traditionally migrated up to 1,300km southward from wintering areas in northern Norwegian waters to spawn at the west coast. This conservative strategy is proposed to be a trade-off between high energetic swimming costs and enhanced larval survival under improved growth conditions3. Here an analysis of extensive data from fisheries, scientific surveys and tagging experiments demonstrates an abrupt approximately 800-km poleward shift in main spawning. The new migration was established by a large cohort recruiting when the abundance of older fish was critically low due to age-selective fisheries. The threshold of memory required for cultural transfer was probably not met—a situation that was further exacerbated by reduced spatiotemporal overlap between older fish and recruits driven by migration constraints and climate change. Finally, a minority of survivors from older generations adopted the migration culture from the recruits instead of the historically opposite. This may have profound consequences for production and coastal ecology, challenging the management of migratory schooling fish.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-08983-3

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08983-3