德国汉诺威莱布尼茨大学Henrik Wilming团队近日揭示了临界费米子是通用挪用者。2025年5月27日，《自然—物理学》杂志发表了这项成果。
通用挪用者是二分量子系统，可以使用局部操作以任意精度提取任何纠缠态，同时对系统的扰动极小。研究组证明了通过在一维晶格上对任何局部、平移不变、临界自由费米子多体系统进行二分，可以创建一个通用挪用者。同样的性质也适用于通过Jordan-Wigner变换与临界费米子模型对偶的局部相互作用自旋链。
此外，对于任何有限误差和任何目标纠缠态，链的有限长度足以在给定误差内挪用所述状态。因此，通用挪用者并不局限于热力学极限。除了在多体物理学中建立通用挪用者的普遍性外，在技术层面上，该主要结果还确定了与给定模型的基态扇区相关的半链可观测代数是III1型因子。
附：英文原文
Title: Critical fermions are universal embezzlers
Author: van Luijk, Lauritz, Stottmeister, Alexander, Wilming, Henrik
Issue&Volume: 2025-05-27
Abstract: Universal embezzlers are bipartite quantum systems from which any entangled state may be extracted to arbitrary precision using local operations while perturbing the system arbitrarily little. Here we show that a universal embezzler can be created by bipartitioning any local, translation-invariant, critical free-fermionic many-body system on a one-dimensional lattice. The same property holds for locally interacting spin chains that are dual to the critical fermionic models by the Jordan–Wigner transformation. Furthermore, for any finite error and any targeted entangled state, a finite length of the chain is sufficient to embezzle said state within the given error. Hence, universal embezzlement is not restricted to the thermodynamic limit. As well as establishing the ubiquity of universal embezzlers in many-body physics, on a technical level, our main result establishes that the half-chain observable algebras associated with ground-state sectors of the given models are type III1 factors.
DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02921-w
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-025-02921-w