复旦大学李耕林研究团队取得一项新突破。他们研制了人自然杀伤细胞衍生外泌体治疗中耳炎的体外和动物研究。相关论文于2025年5月27日发表在《神经科学通报》杂志上。

在他们的研究中，研究团队发现来自人类自然杀伤细胞（NKs）的细胞外囊泡（EVs）以剂量依赖的方式抑制金黄色葡萄球菌标准和左氧氟沙星（LVX）耐药菌株的增殖。

此外，与LVX相比，EVs在动物模型中更有效地降低排放和挽救听力阈值。对于LVX敏感株，EVs在治疗时间上明显有效，但在治愈率上则不然。对于LVX耐药菌株，EVs单独应用或与LVX联合应用在治愈率和治愈期上均显著更有效。总之，该课题组研究人员发现NK EV在治疗中耳炎方面非常有效，为治疗这种常见疾病提供了另一种方法。

据介绍，中耳炎是一种主要由细菌引起的中耳感染，目前的治疗严重依赖抗生素。然而，耐药菌株的出现严重影响了其疗效。

附：英文原文

Title: In Vitro and Animal Studies of Human Natural Killer Cell-Derived Exosomes for the Treatment of Otitis Media

Author: Zhao, Zirui, Wang, Liqin, Guo, Zhen, Jiang, Kanglun, Xu, Jianghong, Shu, Yilai, Xu, Christina Y., Zhang, Jianning, Wang, Yunfeng, Li, Geng-Lin

Issue&Volume: 2025-05-27

Abstract: Otitis media is an infection of the middle ear mainly caused by bacteria, and current treatments rely heavily on antibiotics. However, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains seriously affects their efficacy. In our study, we found that extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from human natural killer cells (NKs) inhibit the proliferation of both standard and levofloxacin (LVX)-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, compared to LVX, EVs were more effective at reducing effusion and rescuing hearing thresholds in animal models. For LVX-sensitive strains, EVs were significantly more effective in terms of curative time but not curative rate. For LVX-resistant strains, EVs were significantly more effective in terms of both curative rate and curative time when applied alone or applied jointly with LVX. In summary, we found that NK EVs are highly effective in treating otitis media, providing an alternative approach for treating this common disease.

DOI: 10.1007/s12264-025-01423-2

Source: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12264-025-01423-2