德国杜塞尔多夫海因里希·海涅大学C. Smorra团队近日研究了欧洲核子研究中心反物质工厂的质子输运。2025年5月14日，《自然》杂志发表了这一成果。

目前使用低能反质子的精确测量，仅在欧洲核子研究中心（CERN）的反物质工厂（AMF）提供，对电荷奇偶时间（CPT）不变性进行了严格的测试，这是粒子物理学标准模型中的基本对称性。例如，这些测试已经在反质子氦和反氢中实现。在低温彭宁阱实验中，研究组测量了质子和反质子的磁矩和荷质比，现在提供了重子扇区CPT不变性的最精确测试。该实验受到AMF中减速器施加的磁场波动的限制；因此，他们正在推进将反质子转移到专门的精密实验室。 

研究组介绍了使用BASE-STEP从AMF成功传输被捕获的质子云——这是一种可传输、超导、自主和开放的彭宁阱系统，可以将反质子分配到其他实验中。他们将捕获的质子从AMF的实验区转移到一辆卡车上，并将其运送到欧洲核子研究中心的Meyrin站点，演示了4年内无需外部电源的自主运行 h和无损失质子重定位。

因此，研究组确认了将颗粒物转移到AMF附近的低噪声实验室以及使用卡车上的发电机到达整个欧洲实验室的可行性。 这标志着精确反物质研究新时代的潜在开始，实现了对反质子、带电反物质离子和其他加速器产生的离子（如类氢铅或铀离子）的低噪声测量。

附：英文原文

Title: Proton transport from the antimatter factory of CERN

Author: Leonhardt, M., Schweitzer, D., Abbass, F., Anjum, K. K., Arndt, B., Erlewein, S., Endoh, S., Geissler, P., Imamura, T., Jger, J. I., Latacz, B. M., Micke, P., Voelksen, F., Yildiz, H., Blaum, K., Devlin, J. A., Matsuda, Y., Ospelkaus, C., Quint, W., Soter, A., Walz, J., Yamazaki, Y., Ulmer, S., Smorra, C.

Issue&Volume: 2025-05-14

Abstract: Precision measurements using low-energy antiprotons, exclusively available at the antimatter factory (AMF) of CERN1, offer stringent tests of charge–parity–time (CPT) invariance, which is a fundamental symmetry in the Standard Model of particle physics2. These tests have been realized, for example, in antiprotonic helium3 and antihydrogen4. In our cryogenic Penning-trap experiments5, we measure the magnetic moments6,7 and charge-to-mass ratios of protons and antiprotons and now provide the most precise test of CPT invariance in the baryon sector8. Our experiments are limited by magnetic field fluctuations imposed by the decelerators in the AMF; therefore, we are advancing the relocation of antiprotons to dedicated precision laboratories. Here we present the successful transport of a trapped proton cloud from the AMF using BASE-STEP9—a transportable, superconducting, autonomous and open Penning-trap system that can distribute antiprotons into other experiments. We transferred the trapped protons from our experimental area at the AMF onto a truck and transported them across the Meyrin site of CERN, demonstrating autonomous operation without external power for 4h and loss-free proton relocation. We thereby confirm the feasibility of transferring particles into low-noise laboratories in the vicinity of the AMF and of using a power generator on the truck10 to reach laboratories throughout Europe. This marks the potential start of a new era in precision antimatter research, enabling low-noise measurements of antiprotons, the charged antimatter ions {ar{{ m{H}}}}^{+}11 and {ar{{ m{H}}}}_{2}^{-} (ref.12), and other accelerator-produced ions, such as hydrogen-like lead or uranium ions13,14.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-08926-y

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08926-y