加拿大圆周理论物理研究所Michael A. Fedderke团队揭示了从光的螺旋度看精密陀螺仪。这一研究成果于2025年4月2日发表在《物理评论A》杂志上。

研究组描述了一种陀螺仪，它根据旋转对光偏振的影响来测量旋转。旋转在左圆偏振光和右圆偏振光的传播中引起微分相移，这种相移可以在适当设计的干涉装置中测量。与振动等各种噪声源不同，这种设置中的信号与光的频率无关，振动会导致取决于频率的相移。

这种振动是通常用作陀螺仪的传统萨格纳克式光学干涉仪灵敏度的实际限制。在所提出的设置中，可以通过同时使用具有不同频率的两个（或多个）光源来潜在地减轻这种噪声源。此设置中的信号与光的总存储时间成比例。由于其频率无关性，因此最好使用超导射频系统测量信号，其中可用腔的高精细度使得存储时间比光学装置中可能的存储时间长得多。

附：英文原文

Title: Precision gyroscope from the helicity of light

Author: Michael A. Fedderke, Roni Harnik, David E. Kaplan, Sam Posen, Surjeet Rajendran, Francesco Serra, Vyacheslav P. Yakovlev

Issue&Volume: 2025/04/02

Abstract: We describe a gyroscope that measures rotation based on the effects of the rotation on the polarization of light. Rotation induces a differential phase shift in the propagation of left- and right-circularly polarized light and this phase shift can be measured in suitably designed interferometric setups. The signal in this setup is independent of the frequency of light, unlike various sources of noise such as vibrations, which cause phase shifts that depend on the frequency. Such vibrations are the practical limit on the sensitivity of conventional Sagnac-style optical interferometers that are typically used as gyroscopes. In the proposed setup, one can potentially mitigate this source of noise by simultaneously using two (or more) sources of light that have different frequencies. The signal in this setup scales with the total storage time of the light. Due to its frequency independence, it is thus most optimal to measure the signal using superconducting radio-frequency systems where the high finesse of the available cavities enables considerably longer storage times than is possible in an optical setup.

DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.111.043502

Source: https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.111.043502