中国地质大学Tim Kusky课题组研究了华北太古宙穹窿和盆地构造的形成机制。2025年4月2日出版的《地质学》杂志发表了这项成果。

与现代地球不同，太古宙穹窿和盆地结构被广泛解释为形成于停滞的盖滴构造或凹陷环境中。在华北克拉通，东部片麻岩地体在>30°C/km的高dT/dP条件下形成的明显穹窿和盆地结构与同期在11-27°C/km低dT/dP情况下形成的1800公里长的造山带接壤，显示出显生宙造山带板块边界相互作用的许多经典标志性指标，相反，这表明板块构造在穹窿形成过程中起作用。

研究组通过展示由褶皱干扰、长英质侵入体在时间上的约束以及与穹窿弧相关的深成岩体的褶皱组合形成的穹窿和盆地来解决这一难题。与邻近造山带内部和下方推覆体的挤压和逆冲有关的强烈变形和变质作用形成了klippen，与片麻岩交叠，解释了板块构造和看似非板块构造地形在空间和时间上如此紧密的复杂并置。

附：英文原文

Title: North China Archean dome-and-basin structures: Arc plutons, superimposed folds, or sagduction

Author: Lu Wang, Ruizhi Wang, Wenbin Ning, Tim Kusky

Issue&Volume: 2025-04-02

Abstract: Archean dome-and-basin structures are widely interpreted to have formed in a stagnant-lid drip-tectonic or sagduction setting, unlike modern Earth. In the North China Craton, apparent dome-and-basin structures formed at high dT/dP conditions of >30 °C/km in eastern gneiss terrains are bordered by a contemporaneous 1800-km-long orogenic belt formed at low dT/dP conditions of 1127 °C/km, exhibiting many classical hallmark indicators of plate boundary interactions of Phanerozoic orogens, suggesting contrarily that plate tectonics was operating during formation of the domes. We solve this dilemma by showing that the domes and basins formed by a combination of fold interference, temporally constrained by felsic intrusions, and folding of domal arc-related plutons. Strong deformation and metamorphism related to extrusion and overthrusting of nappes from within and below the adjacent orogen formed klippen, infolded with the gneisses, explaining the perplexing juxtaposition of plate tectonic and seemingly non-plate tectonic terrains so closely in space and time.

DOI: 10.1130/G53210.1

Source: https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-abstract/doi/10.1130/G53210.1/653418/North-China-Archean-dome-and-basin-structures-ArcredirectedFrom=fulltext