中国科学技术大学周祥发课题组研究了李-黄杨修正诱导球面上玻色-玻色混合物的稳定。该项研究成果发表在2025年4月1日出版的《物理评论A》杂志上。

受气泡阱将原子限制在薄壳上的最新实验进展的启发，课题组研究了由于量子涨落导致的球面上玻色-玻色混合物液滴态的稳定性。使用Bogoliubov近似分析计算了球面上弱相互作用玻色-玻色混合物的能量，该混合物具有吸引的种间相互作用和排斥的种内相互作用。

研究结果表明，在李-黄杨（LHY）项存在的情况下，每个粒子的能量在有限密度下达到最小值，这表明存在由量子涨落稳定的液滴态。研究组还数值求解了扩展的Gross-Pitaevskii方程，该方程结合了气泡陷阱和从三维均匀混合物的Bogoliubov谱中导出的额外排斥LHY校正。

该计算表明，由于球体的尺寸限制，液滴状态只能存在于特定的参数范围内。研究组还验证了球形约束势中液滴态和均匀凝聚态之间的转变，以及两者的共存。该研究结果为未来探索具有非平凡实空间拓扑的弯曲几何中的量子液滴铺平了道路。

附：英文原文

Title: Stabilization of Bose-Bose mixtures on a spherical surface induced by the Lee-Huang-Yang correction

Author: Wen-Hao Li, Ming Gong, Zheng-Wei Zhou, Xiang-Fa Zhou

Issue&Volume: 2025/04/01

Abstract: Motivated by recent experimental advances in bubble traps which confine atoms on a thin shell, we investigate the stabilization of droplet states of a Bose-Bose mixture on a spherical surface due to quantum fluctuations. We analytically calculate the energy of a weakly interacting Bose-Bose mixture on a spherical surface with attractive interspecies and repulsive intraspecies interactions using the Bogoliubov approximation. Our findings show that the energy per particle has a minimum at a finite density in the presence of the Lee-Huang-Yang (LHY) term, which indicates the presence of liquidlike droplet state stabilized by quantum fluctuations. We also numerically solve the extended Gross-Pitaevskii equation, incorporating both bubble traps and an additional repulsive LHY correction derived from the Bogoliubov spectrum of a three-dimensional homogeneous mixture. Our calculations show that, due to the size limitations of the sphere, droplet states can only exist within specific parameter ranges. We also verify the transition between droplet states and uniform condensates in spherical confinement potentials, as well as the coexistence of the two. Our results pave the way for future exploration of quantum droplets in curved geometries with nontrivial real-space topologies.

DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.111.043301

Source: https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.111.043301