近日，美国托莱多大学Yanfa Yan团队研究了用于高性能倒置钙钛矿太阳能模块的C₆₀基离子盐电子穿梭器。该研究于2025年4月17日发表在《科学》杂志上。

尽管C₆₀通常是倒置钙钛矿太阳能电池中的电子传输层（ETL），但C₆₀的分子性质导致弱界面，从而导致非理想的界面电子和机械退化。研究组合成了一种由C₆₀，4-（1'，5'-二氢-1'-甲基-2'H-[5,6]富勒烯-C₆₀-I_h-[1,9-c]吡咯-2'-基）苯基甲烷铵氯化物（CPMAC）制成的离子盐，并将其用作倒置PSC中的电子穿梭剂。

CPMA阳离子中的CH₂-NH₃⁺头基团改善了ETL界面，离子性质增强了堆积，导致界面韧性比C₆₀提高了约3倍。使用CPMAC，研究组在65°C下运行1个太阳2100小时后，获得了约26%的功率转换效率（PCE），退化约2%。对于最小模块（四个子电池，6平方厘米），在55°C下运行2200小时后，最终实现了约23%的PCE，降解率<9%。

附：英文原文

Title: C60-based ionic salt electron shuttle for high-performance inverted perovskite solar modules

Author: Shuai You, Hongwei Zhu, Zhongjin Shen, Xiaoming Wang, Bingyao Shao, Qingxiao Wang, Jianxun Lu, Youyou Yuan, Benjia Dak Dou, Erin M. Sanehira, Todd Russell, Adam Lorenz, Yifan Dong, Lei Chen, Marco Casareto, Nicholas Rolston, Matthew C. Beard, Joseph J. Berry, Marina Freitag, Yanfa Yan, Osman M. Bakr, Kai Zhu

Issue&Volume: 2025-04-17

Abstract: Although C60 is usually the electron transport layer (ETL) in inverted perovskite solar cells, its molecular nature of C60 leads to weak interfaces that lead to non-ideal interfacial electronic and mechanical degradation. Here, we synthesized an ionic salt from C60, 4-(1',5′-dihydro-1'-methyl-2'H-[5,6] fullereno-C60-Ih-[1,9-c]pyrrol-2'-yl) phenylmethanaminium chloride (CPMAC), and used it as the electron shuttle in inverted PSCs. The CH2-NH3+ head group in the CPMA cation improved the ETL interface and the ionic nature enhanced the packing, leading to ~3-fold increase in the interfacial toughness compared to C60. Using CPMAC, we obtained ~26% power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) with ~2% degradation after 2,100 hours of 1-sun operation at 65°C. For minimodules (four subcells, 6 centimeters square), we achieved the PCE of ~23% with <9% degradation after 2,200 hours of operation at 55°C.

DOI: adv4701

Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adv4701