近日，香港中文大学Yangqian Yan团队研究了单组分费米气体的非弹性量子玻尔兹曼方程。相关论文于2025年4月17日发表在《物理评论A》杂志上。

该研究是X.-Y. Gao et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 153402 (2025) 的衍生论文，其中研究组讨论了单组分超冷费米气体的非平衡二体损失动力学及其可能的热化。研究组详细介绍了用于描述该系统的非弹性量子玻尔兹曼方程（IQBE）的推导和分析。证明了Mellin变换是求解和近似自由空间系统IQBE的有力工具。

在这种情况下，粒子数动力学超出了广泛使用的唯象二体方程的描述范围。对于谐波陷波系统，研究组提出了一种快速流动近似来简化IQBE的数值计算。他们在类似的准一维系统中验证了近似值，并将其应用于三维计算，与最近的实验结果取得了令人满意的一致性。此外，研究组将非平衡结果与在这两种情况下使用热分析获得的结果进行了比较，从而系统地了解了在这种系统中观察到的反蒸发现象。

附：英文原文

Title: Inelastic quantum Boltzmann equation of single-component Fermi gases

Author: Xin-Yuan Gao, Yangqian Yan

Issue&Volume: 2025/04/17

Abstract: This work is a companion paper to X.-Y. Gao et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 153402 (2025), where we discuss the nonequilibrium two-body loss dynamics of a single-component ultracold Fermi gas and its possible thermalization. This paper provides detailed information on the derivation and analysis of the inelastic quantum Boltzmann equation (IQBE) used to describe the system. We demonstrate that the Mellin transform is a powerful tool for solving and approximating the IQBE for free-space systems. In this case, the particle-number dynamics are beyond the description of the widely used phenomenological two-body equation. For harmonically trapped systems, we propose a fast-flowing approximation to simplify the numerical evaluation of the IQBE. We verify the approximation in an analogous quasi-one-dimensional system and apply it to three-dimensional calculations, obtaining satisfactory agreement with recent experimental results. Furthermore, we compare the nonequilibrium results with those obtained using a thermal ansatz in both situations, providing a systematic understanding of the antievaporation phenomena observed in such systems.

DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.111.043312

Source: https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.111.043312