德国马克斯·普朗克植物育种研究所Korbinian Schneeberger研究小组宣布他们研制了四倍体欧洲马铃薯的阶段性泛基因组。相关论文于2025年4月16日发表在《自然》杂志上。

在这里，研究组展示了从10个历史马铃薯品种的分阶段基因组组装产生的欧洲马铃薯的泛基因组，其中包括在欧洲分离的所有单倍型的约85%。单倍型之间的序列多样性非常高（例如，比人类高20倍），这是由于许多来自野生马铃薯物种的基因渗入。相比之下，单倍型多样性非常低，这与驯化和向欧洲迁移导致的种群瓶颈一致。为了说明泛基因组的实际应用，该课题组将其转换为单倍型图，并对其进行主题化，以产生分阶段的、百万级规模的商业马铃薯（包括著名的炸薯条马铃薯“Rthemset Burbank”）伪基因组组装，主题化仅具有成本效益的短读。总之，该课题组提出了一个几乎完整的同源四倍体欧洲马铃薯的泛基因组，该课题组描述了驯化作物中非常高的序列多样性，该课题组概述了如何以这种抗性为主题来加速基因组学辅助育种和研究。

据介绍，土豆第一次被带到欧洲是在16世纪。二百年多年以后，其中一个物种成为整个大陆乃至全世界最重要的食物来源之一。然而，其高度杂合子的同源四倍体基因组使其改良复杂化了。

附：英文原文

Title: The phased pan-genome of tetraploid European potato

Author: Sun, Hequan, Tusso, Sergio, Dent, Craig I., Goel, Manish, Wijfjes, Ral Y., Baus, Lisa C., Dong, Xiao, Campoy, Jos A., Kurdadze, Ana, Walkemeier, Birgit, Snger, Christine, Huettel, Bruno, Hutten, Ronald C. B., van Eck, Herman J., Dehmer, Klaus J., Schneeberger, Korbinian

Issue&Volume: 2025-04-16

Abstract: Potatoes were first brought to Europe in the sixteenth century1,2. Two hundredyears later, one of the species had become one of the most important food sources across the entire continent and, later, even the entire world3. However, its highly heterozygous, autotetraploid genome has complicated its improvement since then4,5,6,7. Here we present the pan-genome of European potatoes generated from phased genome assemblies of ten historical potato cultivars, which includes approximately 85% of all haplotypes segregating in Europe. Sequence diversity between the haplotypes was extremely high (for example, 20× higher than in humans), owing to numerous introgressions from wild potato species. By contrast, haplotype diversity was very low, in agreement with the population bottlenecks caused by domestication and transition to Europe. To illustrate a practical application of the pan-genome, we converted it into a haplotype graph and used it to generate phased, megabase-scale pseudo-genome assemblies of commercial potatoes (including the famous French fries potato ‘Russet Burbank’) using cost-efficient short reads only. In summary, we present a nearly complete pan-genome of autotetraploid European potato, we describe extraordinarily high sequence diversity in a domesticated crop, and we outline how this resource might be used to accelerate genomics-assisted breeding and research.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-08843-0

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08843-0