美国科罗拉多大学James K. Thompson团队研究了光学腔中集体XYZ自旋模型的哈密顿工程。相关论文于2025年4月15日发表在《自然—物理学》杂志上。

量子模拟为研究多体物理学和产生有用的纠缠态提供了机会。然而，现有的平台通常仅限于特定类型的交互，从根本上限制了它们可以模仿的模型。研究组实现了一个具有任意二次哈密顿量的全对全相互作用模型，从而证明了一个无限范围可调的海森堡XYZ模型。这是通过设计700个铷原子与一对动量态（作为有效量子比特自由度）之间的腔介导四光子相互作用来实现的。

作为这种方法多功能性的一个例子，研究组实现了所谓的双轴反扭曲模型，这是一种集体自旋模型，可以产生自旋压缩态，使量子相位估计的海森堡极限饱和。此外，该平台允许通过简单地添加额外的修整激光音调来包含两个以上的相关动量状态。这种方法为利用物波干涉仪和其他量子传感器（如光学时钟和磁力计）进行量子模拟和量子传感开辟了机会。

附：英文原文

Title: Hamiltonian engineering of collective XYZ spin models in an optical cavity

Author: Luo, Chengyi, Zhang, Haoqing, Chu, Anjun, Maruko, Chitose, Rey, Ana Maria, Thompson, James K.

Issue&Volume: 2025-04-15

Abstract: Quantum simulations offer opportunities both for studying many-body physics and for generating useful entangled states. However, existing platforms are usually restricted to specific types of interaction, fundamentally limiting the models they can mimic. Here we realize an all-to-all interacting model with an arbitrary quadratic Hamiltonian, thus demonstrating an infinite-range tunable Heisenberg XYZ model. This was accomplished by engineering cavity-mediated four-photon interactions between an ensemble of 700 rubidium atoms with a pair of momentum states serving as the effective qubit degree of freedom. As one example of the versatility of this approach, we implemented the so-called two-axis counter-twisting model, a collective spin model that can generate spin-squeezed states that saturate the Heisenberg limit on quantum phase estimation. Furthermore, our platform allows for including more than two relevant momentum states by simply adding additional dressing laser tones. This approach opens opportunities for quantum simulation and quantum sensing with matter–wave interferometers and other quantum sensors, such as optical clocks and magnetometers.

DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02866-0

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-025-02866-0