丹麦转化神经科学研究所Keisuke Yonehara小组在研究中取得进展。他们发现了功能上不同的GABA能无突细胞类型调节小鼠视网膜的时空编码。相关论文发表在2025年4月15日出版的《自然—神经科学》杂志上。

本研究以GABA传感器iGABASnFR2为主题，对雄性和雌性小鼠（8-16周龄）视网膜内丛状层GABA释放进行双光子成像。通过对离体视网膜施加不同的光刺激，课题组人员发现了40多种不同的GABA释放神经元类型。单个类型在内网状层子层中显示特定于层的视觉编码。突触输入和输出位点沿着特定的视网膜方向排列。细胞类型特异性的空间结构和独特的释放动力学相结合，使抑制性神经元能够响应广泛的行为相关运动结构来塑造兴奋信号。他们的发现强调了中枢神经系统中GABA能神经元功能多样性和复杂特化的重要性。

据介绍，GABA （γ-氨基丁酸）是哺乳动物中枢神经系统的主要抑制性神经递质。GABA能神经元类型在神经加工和神经系统疾病的病因学中起重要作用；然而，对其功能多样性的认识尚不全面。

附：英文原文

Title: Functionally distinct GABAergic amacrine cell types regulate spatiotemporal encoding in the mouse retina

Author: Matsumoto, Akihiro, Morris, Jacqueline, Looger, Loren L., Yonehara, Keisuke

Issue&Volume: 2025-04-15

Abstract: GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. GABAergic neuronal types play important roles in neural processing and the etiology of neurological disorders; however, there is no comprehensive understanding of their functional diversity. Here we perform two-photon imaging of GABA release in the inner plexiform layer of male and female mice retinae (8–16 weeks old) using the GABA sensor iGABASnFR2. By applying varied light stimuli to isolated retinae, we reveal over 40 different GABA-releasing neuron types. Individual types show layer-specific visual encoding within inner plexiform layer sublayers. Synaptic input and output sites are aligned along specific retinal orientations. The combination of cell type-specific spatial structure and unique release kinetics enables inhibitory neurons to sculpt excitatory signals in response to a wide range of behaviorally relevant motion structures. Our findings emphasize the importance of functional diversity and intricate specialization of GABAergic neurons in the central nervous system.

DOI: 10.1038/s41593-025-01935-0

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-025-01935-0