近日，中国科学技术大学张国庆团队实现了通过双发射基态和激发电荷转移态快速荧光传感叔胺和阿片类化合物。相关论文发表在2025年4月14日出版的《美国化学会杂志》上。

有机胺的识别和区分对于药物分析、食品腐败、生物医学检测和临床诊断的应用至关重要。现有的基于发光的胺识别方法主要依赖于荧光淬灭，限制了灵敏和选择性检测的范围。研究组提出了一种荧光变色方法，可以根据不同有机胺在紫外光下与萘酰亚胺衍生物的独特激发态和基态相互作用，快速区分不同的有机胺。该发现表明，取代基和胺的分子柔性对光致发光量子产率和发射颜色有显著影响。具体来说，伯胺和其他常见的孤对供体，如醇、醚、硫醇、硫醚和膦，没有表现出光致发光变化，而仲胺只表现出微弱的发射。

然而，对于叔胺，含有至少一个甲基的分子会迅速产生亮绿色的光致发光激活；对于除甲基外具有较大侧基的那些，观察到红移黄发射；对于构象锁定的双环胺没有观察到发射。此外，萘酰亚胺衍生物的荧光过程不仅取决于叔胺取代基，而且在时间分辨光谱中显示出明显不同的基态和激发态光致发光动力学。基于这些差异，研究组开发了一种定性方法用于视觉识别天然和合成阿片类药物，包括海洛因、芬太尼和甲氧硝氮卓，与Marquis试剂盒等现有方法相比，这种方法更简单、更快速，可以促进实验室和现场环境中的现场测试、实时监测和简化工作流程。

附：英文原文

Title: Rapid Fluorochromic Sensing of Tertiary Amines and Opioids via Dual-Emissive Ground and Excited Charge-Transfer States

Author: Aoyuan Cheng, Xuewen Gu, Chengze Yang, Mei Liu, Baicheng Zhang, Hongping Liu, Xiaoyu Chen, Airong Feng, Pieter E. S. Smith, Jun Jiang, Yi Luo, Wenhuan Huang, Guoqing Zhang

Issue&Volume: April 14, 2025

Abstract: The recognition and differentiation of organic amines are crucial for applications in drug analysis, food spoilage, biomedical assays, and clinical diagnostics. Existing luminescence-based recognition methods for amines predominantly rely on fluorescence quenching, limiting the scope of sensitive and selective detection. Here, we present a fluorochromic approach for rapidly distinguishing different organic amines based on their unique excited-state and ground-state interactions with a naphthalimide derivative under ultraviolet light. Our findings reveal that the photoluminescence quantum yield and emission color are significantly influenced by the substituent group and the molecular flexibility of the amine. Specifically, primary amines, together with other common lone-pair donors, such as alcohol, ether, thiol, thioether, and phosphine, did not exhibit photoluminescence changes, while secondary amines exhibited only weak emission. For tertiary amines, however, bright green photoluminescence activation was rapidly produced for molecules containing at least one methyl group; red-shifted yellow emission was observed for ones with bulkier side groups other than methyl; and for conformationally locked bicycloamines, no emission was observed. In addition, this fluorochromic process of the naphthalimide derivative not only depends on tertiary amine substituent groups but also shows distinctly different ground- and excited-state photoluminescence dynamics in time-resolved spectroscopy. Based on these differences, a qualitative method is developed for visual recognition of natural and synthetic opioids, including heroin, fentanyl, and metonitazene, which is more facile and rapid compared to current methods such as the Marquis reagent kit, and could facilitate onsite testing, real-time monitoring, and streamlined workflows in both laboratory and field settings.

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5c00425

Source: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jacs.5c00425