对任意子、带分数电荷的准粒子和奇异交换统计的搜索激发了数十年的凝聚态研究。当环绕的局域准粒子数量发生变化时，量子霍尔干涉仪能够通过离散干涉相位跳跃直接观察任意子编织相位。
研究组通过实时探测三态随机电报噪声（RTN），在ν=1/3和4/3分数量子霍尔态中观察到这种编织相。他们发现观察到的RTN源于任意子准粒子数n的波动，并重建了三个相移2π/3的Aharonov-Bohm振荡信号，对应于围绕n（mod 3）任意子编织的三个可能的干涉分支。该方法可以很容易地扩展到非阿贝尔任意子的干涉。
附：英文原文
Title: Anyon braiding and telegraph noise in a graphene interferometer
Author: Thomas Werkmeister, James R. Ehrets, Marie E. Wesson, Danial H. Najafabadi, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Bertrand I. Halperin, Amir Yacoby, Philip Kim
Issue&Volume: 2025-04-10
Abstract: The search for anyons, quasiparticles with fractional charge and exotic exchange statistics, has inspired decades of condensed matter research. Quantum Hall interferometers enable direct observation of the anyon braiding phase via discrete interference phase jumps when the number of encircled localized quasiparticles changes. Here, we observe this braiding phase in both the ν = 1/3 and 4/3 fractional quantum Hall states by probing three-state random telegraph noise (RTN) in real-time. We find that the observed RTN stems from anyon quasiparticle number n fluctuations and reconstruct three Aharonov-Bohm oscillation signals phase shifted by 2π/3, corresponding to the three possible interference branches from braiding around n (mod 3) anyons. Our methods can be readily extended to interference of non-abelian anyons.
DOI: adp5015
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adp5015