南京大学李蒙蒙团队研究了中国细颗粒物和臭氧极端事件同时发生的大尺度天气和天气驱动因素。相关论文于2025年4月9日发表在《中国科学：地球科学》杂志上。

极端天气事件和空气污染事件的共同发生，如细颗粒物（PM_2.5）和臭氧（O₃）的升高，对人类健康构成了重大威胁，预计在气候变暖的情况下，这一问题将加剧。研究组利用9年的地表空气污染物观测数据和再分析数据，调查了中国PM2.5和O₃极端事件同时发生背后的大尺度天气和天气驱动因素。

这些共生现象主要在暖季（3月至10月）观察到，在中国南方较清洁的地区尤为普遍（每年25.8天）。这种共存通常与气温升高（~27.7°C）、风速降低（~1.4 m s^-1）和大气湿度（~51.9%）有关。值得注意的是，这些共同事件中有很大一部分（高达76.4%）与停滞天气和极端高温条件相关的极端天气相吻合。

通过采用客观聚类方法，研究组确定了有利于PM_2.5和O₃极端事件广泛共现的典型天气系统，包括西太平洋副热带高压、东北阻塞高压、蒙古高压和台风。这些发现强调了PM_2.5和O₃极端事件的共同发生与极端天气和盛行天气模式的年度变化之间的密切相关性，表明在中国气候变暖的情况下，空气污染和极端天气事件同时发生的可能性增加。

附：英文原文

Title: Large-scale synoptic and weather drivers for the co-occurrence of fine particulate matter and ozone extremes over China

Author: Wei WANG, Yiting ZHOU, Mengmeng LI, Yuting LU, Xinyi JIANG, Tijian WANG, Bingliang ZHUANG, Shu LI, Chenchao ZHAN, Xiaoyun SUN, Xin HUANG

Issue&Volume: 2025/04/09

Abstract: The co-occurrence of extreme weather events and air pollution events, such as elevated fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3), poses a significant threat to human health, a concern that is anticipated to be exacerbated under climate warming. Utilizing a 9-year dataset of surface air pollutant observations and reanalysis data, this study investigated the large-scale synoptic and weather drivers behind the co-occurrence of PM2.5 and O3 extremes in China. These co-occurrences are mostly observed during the warm season (March to October) and are particularly prevalent (25.8daysyr1) in cleaner regions situated in South China. Such co-occurrences are usually associated with elevated air temperatures (~27.7°C), lower wind speeds (~1.4ms1) and atmospheric humidity (~51.9%). Notably, a substantial proportion of these co-occurrences (up to 76.4%) coincide with extreme weather linked to stagnant weather and extreme heat conditions. By employing an objective clustering approach, we identified the typical synoptic systems conducive to the widespread co-occurrence of PM2.5 and O3 extremes, including the Western Pacific Subtropical High, Northeast Blocking High, Mongolian High, and typhoons. These findings underscore a robust correlation between the co-occurrence of PM2.5 and O3 extremes and the annual variations in extreme weather and prevailing weather patterns, suggesting an increased likelihood of concurrent air pollution and extreme weather episodes under a warming climate across China.

DOI: 10.1007/s11430-024-1534-1

Source: https://www.sciengine.com/SCES/doi/10.1007/s11430-024-1534-1