近日，美国加州大学Jiehang Zhang团队研究了基于捕获离子量子处理器的可编程几何量子比特。2025年4月8日出版的《物理评论A》杂志发表了这项成果。

几何和维度在人们理解自然基本定律方面发挥了至关重要的作用，从广义相对论中的弯曲时空到现代量子引力理论。在量子多体系统中，如果成分的连接方式不同，纠缠结构可能会发生变化，导致相关增长的界限改变，经典计算机难以模拟大型系统。虽然通用量子计算机可以执行数字模拟，但模数混合量子处理器具有并行性等优点。

研究组使用具有多达八个量子比特的线性一维离子链，通过通勤哈密顿量的频闪序列，设计了一类高维伊辛相互作用。此外，他们将这种方法扩展到非计算电路，并使用具有可调对称性的Floquet周期驱动器演示了量子XY和海森堡模型。更高维自旋模型的实现提供了新的机会，从研究物质或量子自旋玻璃的拓扑相到未来的容错量子计算。

附：英文原文

Title: Qubits on programmable geometries with a trapped-ion quantum processor

Author: Qiming Wu, Yue Shi, Jiehang Zhang

Issue&Volume: 2025/04/08

Abstract: Geometry and dimensionality have played crucial roles in our understanding of the fundamental laws of nature, with examples ranging from curved space time in general relativity to modern theories of quantum gravity. In quantum many-body systems, the entanglement structure can change if the constituents are connected differently, leading to altered bounds for correlation growth and difficulties for classical computers to simulate large systems. While a universal quantum computer can perform digital simulations, an analog-digital hybrid quantum processor offers advantages such as parallelism. Here, we engineer a class of high-dimensional Ising interactions using a linear one-dimensional ion chain with up to eight qubits through stroboscopic sequences of commuting Hamiltonians. In addition, we extend this method to noncommuting circuits and demonstrate the quantum XY and Heisenberg models using Floquet periodic drives with tunable symmetries. The realization of higher-dimensional spin models offers new opportunities ranging from studying topological phases of matter or quantum spin glasses to future fault-tolerant quantum computation.

DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.111.042607

Source: https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.111.042607