清华大学林琳涵团队研究了三维螺旋波导中非互易光子耦合的储层工程。相关论文于2025年3月25日发表在《物理评论A》杂志上。

研究组提出了一种三维（3D）光子波导阵列来模拟储层工程诱导的非互易传输的概念。该储层通过将两个光学模式同时耦合到一个有损耗的附加模式来提供，从而产生一个跳跃算子，即这两个模式的湮灭算子的相干叠加。波导是螺旋弯曲的，导致传播光子的合成规范场，从而为跳跃算子提供可调的相位因子。

研究组对单向耦合进行了解析推导和数值验证，并提供了直观的解释。此外，该模型被扩展到周期性晶格，在该晶格中，对于某些布洛赫波矢量，会出现非对称跳跃和单向跳跃。该设计基于真实的实验参数，可以通过飞秒激光在二氧化硅中直接写入3D波导来轻松实现。

附：英文原文

Title: Reservoir engineering for nonreciprocal photon coupling in three-dimensional helical waveguides

Author: Yuan Liu, Shuyi Wang, Linhan Lin

Issue&Volume: 2025/03/25

Abstract: A three-dimensional (3D) photonic waveguide array is proposed to simulate the concept of reservoir-engineering-induced nonreciprocal transmission. The reservoir is offered by coupling two optical modes simultaneously to an additional mode with loss, yielding a jump operator, which is a coherent superposition of annihilation operators of these two modes. The waveguides are helically curved, leading to a synthetic gauge field for the propagating photons and consequently an adjustable phase factor for the jump operator. The unidirectional coupling is derived analytically and verified numerically, and an intuitive interpretation is provided. Furthermore, the model is extended to a periodic lattice, where asymmetric hopping arises and unidirectional hopping appears for certain Bloch wave vectors. Our design is based on real-experiment parameters, which can be readily implemented by femtosecond laser direct writing of 3D waveguides in silica.

DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.111.033528

Source: https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.111.033528