美国加州理工学院Krittanon Sirorattanakul团队研究了看似静止的摩擦界面的滑动和愈合。相关论文于2025年3月12日发表在《自然》杂志上。

摩擦界面存在于从生物节理到地震断层的各种系统中。这些界面何时以及如何滑动是地球科学和工程中的一个基本问题。人们认为，存在一个阈值剪切力，称为静摩擦力，低于该阈值，界面是静止的，尽管许多研究表明这一概念已经过时。相比之下，速率和状态摩擦公式预测界面总是滑动的，但这一特征被认为是需要修改的人为因素。

研究组表明，受到恒定剪切和法向载荷的名义上静止的界面正在滑动，其驱动力明显低于已知发生蠕变的经典定义的静摩擦，但速度逐渐减小，低至10^-12 ms^-1。研究组直接在界面上进行的精确测量是通过数字图像相关性实现的。这种行为与经典的摩擦模型相矛盾，但证实了速率和状态摩擦的预测。名义上静止界面的滑移率下降反映了界面愈合，这将在随后的滑移事件（如地震和滑坡）中表现为更高的峰值摩擦，从而大大改变了其成核和传播，从而改变了其危害。

附：英文原文

Title: Sliding and healing of frictional interfaces that appear stationary

Author: Sirorattanakul, Krittanon, Larochelle, Stacy, Rubino, Vito, Lapusta, Nadia, Rosakis, Ares J.

Issue&Volume: 2025-03-12

Abstract: Frictional interfaces are found in systems ranging from biological joints to earthquake faults. When and how these interfaces slide is a fundamental problem in geosciences and engineering1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20. It is believed that there exists a threshold shear force, called static friction, below which the interface is stationary4,10, despite many studies suggesting that this concept is outdated1,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28. By contrast, rate-and-state friction formulations1,26,27 predict that interfaces are always sliding29, but this feature is often considered an artefact that calls for modifications30. Here we show that nominally stationary interfaces subjected to constant shear and normal loads, with a driving force that is notably below the classically defined static friction for which creep is known to occur9,27,28,29, are sliding, but with diminishingly small rates down to 1012ms1. Our precise measurements directly at the interface are enabled by digital image correlation18,31,32. This behaviour contradicts classical models of friction but confirms the prediction of rate-and-state friction1,26,27. The diminishing slip rates of nominally stationary interfaces reflect interface healing, which would manifest itself in higher peak friction in subsequent slip events15,27,33, such as earthquakes and landslides, substantially modifying their nucleation and propagation and hence their hazard3,12,13,34.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-08673-0

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08673-0