近日，突尼斯国家遗产研究所教授David Reich及其团队揭示了东马格里布地区新石器时代觅食祖先的高度连续性。该项研究成果发表在2025年3月12日出版的《自然》上。

在这里，该课题组展示了来自阿尔及利亚和突尼斯的从石器时代晚期到新石器时代的9个人的全基因组数据。最早的个体与西部马格里布的前新石器时代的人（距今约15000 - 7600年）相近，这表明这种“马格里布”祖先剖面具有相当大的地理和时间范围。至少有一个来自Djebba（突尼斯）的个体，可以追溯到大约8000年前，他们的祖先来自欧洲的狩猎采集者，可能反映了全新世早期西西里岛海峡的运动。来自东马格里布的新石器时代晚期的人大部分保留了当地的觅食祖先，加上欧洲农民（大约距今7000年）和黎万特人（距今6800年）的贡献，他们受外部基因流动的影响远小于新石器时代地中海其他地区的人群。

据了解，来自地中海地区的古代DNA揭示了与粮食生产经济传播相关的长期联系和人口转变。然而，与欧洲相比，来自北非这一关键转变的遗传数据是有限的，并且只能从遥远的西部马格里布（摩洛哥）获得。

附：英文原文

Title: High continuity of forager ancestry in the Neolithic period of the eastern Maghreb

Author: Lipson, Mark, Ringbauer, Harald, Lucarini, Giulio, Aouadi, Nabiha, Aoudia, Louiza, Belhouchet, Lotfi, Cheronet, Olivia, Dahmani, Ariane-Rym, Genchi, Francesco, La Pastina, Francesco, Lucci, Michaela, de Lumley, Henry, Mansouri, Nabila, Nava, Alessia, Touj, Fatma, Mallick, Swapan, Rohland, Nadin, Coppa, Alfredo, Pinhasi, Ron, Reich, David

Issue&Volume: 2025-03-12

Abstract: Ancient DNA from the Mediterranean region has revealed long-range connections and population transformations associated with the spread of food-producing economies1,2,3,4,5,6. However, in contrast to Europe, genetic data from this key transition in northern Africa are limited, and have only been available from the far western Maghreb (Morocco)1,2,3. Here we present genome-wide data for nine individuals from the Later Stone Age through the Neolithic period from Algeria and Tunisia. The earliest individuals cluster with pre-Neolithic people of the western Maghreb (around 15,000–7,600 years before present (BP)), showing that this ‘Maghrebi’ ancestry profile had a substantial geographic and temporal extent. At least one individual from Djebba (Tunisia), dating to around 8,000 years BP, harboured ancestry from European hunter–gatherers, probably reflecting movement in the Early Holocene across the Strait of Sicily. Later Neolithic people from the eastern Maghreb retained largely local forager ancestry, together with smaller contributions from European farmers (by around 7,000 years BP) and Levantine groups (by around 6,800 years BP), and were thus far less impacted by external gene flow than were populations in other parts of the Neolithic Mediterranean.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-08699-4

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08699-4