近日，中国科学院北京凝聚态物理国家实验室物理研究所张广宇团队实现了在埃米厚度极限下制备二维金属。该研究于2025年3月12日发表在《自然》杂志上。

二维（2D）金属对许多新兴现象具有吸引力，最近引起了人们的研究兴趣。与广泛研究的二维范德华（vdW）层状材料不同，二维金属的实现极具挑战性，因其在热力学上是不稳定的。

研究组开发了一种vdW压缩方法，以实现在埃米厚度极限下的各种二维金属（包括Bi、Ga、In、Sn和Pb）。所获得的2D金属通过两个MoS₂单层之间的完全封装和存在的非键合界面而稳定，从而能够获得其固有性能。单层铋的输运和拉曼测量显示了优异的物理性能，例如，新的声子模式、增强的电导率、显著的场效应和大的非线性霍尔电导率。该工作为实现2D金属、合金和其他2D非vdW材料建立了一条有效的路线，可能为新兴的量子、电子和光子器件的广泛组合勾勒出光明的前景。

附：英文原文

Title: Realization of 2D metals at the ngstrm thickness limit

Author: Zhao, Jiaojiao, Li, Lu, Li, Peixuan, Dai, Liyan, Dong, Jingwei, Zhou, Lanying, Wang, Yizhe, Zhang, Peihang, Ji, Kunshan, Zhang, Yangkun, Yu, Hua, Wei, Zheng, Li, Jiawei, Li, Xiuzhen, Huang, Zhiheng, Wang, Boxin, Liu, Jieying, Chen, Yutong, Zhang, Xingchao, Wang, Shuopei, Li, Na, Yang, Wei, Shi, Dongxia, Pan, Jinbo, Du, Shixuan, Du, Luojun, Zhang, Guangyu

Issue&Volume: 2025-03-12

Abstract: Two-dimensional (2D) metals are appealing for many emergent phenomena and have recently attracted research interests1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9. Unlike the widely studied 2D van der Waals (vdW) layered materials, 2D metals are extremely challenging to achieve, because they are thermodynamically unstable1,10. Here we develop a vdW squeezing method to realize diverse 2D metals (including Bi, Ga, In, Sn and Pb) at the ngstrm thickness limit. The achieved 2D metals are stabilized from a complete encapsulation between two MoS2 monolayers and present non-bonded interfaces, enabling access to their intrinsic properties. Transport and Raman measurements on monolayer Bi show excellent physical properties, for example, new phonon mode, enhanced electrical conductivity, notable field effect and large nonlinear Hall conductivity. Our work establishes an effective route for implementing 2D metals, alloys and other 2D non-vdW materials, potentially outlining a bright vision for a broad portfolio of emerging quantum, electronic and photonic devices.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-08711-x

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08711-x