近日，清华大学陈文兰研究团队分析了强相关量子气体中的普遍耗散动力学。这一研究成果于2025年2月19日发表在《自然—物理学》杂志上。

耗散是量子系统不可避免的特征，通常与退相干和量子关联的修正有关。在强相关量子物质的研究中，人们经常需要克服或抑制耗散来揭示潜在的量子现象。

然而，研究组证明耗散可作为量子多体系统中内在相关性的探针。在超冷原子系统中应用可调耗散，观察到了强相关一维量子气体中的普遍耗散动力学。具体而言，研究组发现了总粒子数的普遍拉伸指数衰减，其中拉伸指数测量了谱函数的异常维数（表征强量子涨落的参数）。这种方法为探测强相关系统的特征提供了一个通用框架，包括量子材料中的自旋电荷分离和费米弧。

Title: Universal dissipative dynamics in strongly correlated quantum gases

Author: Zhao, Yajuan, Tian, Ye, Ye, Jilai, Wu, Yue, Zhao, Zihan, Chi, Zhihao, Tian, Tian, Yao, Hepeng, Hu, Jiazhong, Chen, Yu, Chen, Wenlan

Issue&Volume: 2025-02-19

Abstract: Dissipation is an unavoidable feature of quantum systems, typically associated with decoherence and the modification of quantum correlations. In the study of strongly correlated quantum matter, we often have to overcome or suppress dissipation to uncover the underlying quantum phenomena. However, here we demonstrate that dissipation can serve as a probe for intrinsic correlations in quantum many-body systems. Applying tunable dissipation in ultracold atomic systems, we observe universal dissipative dynamics in strongly correlated one-dimensional quantum gases. Specifically, we find a universal stretched-exponential decay of the total particle number, where the stretched exponent measures the anomalous dimension of the spectral function—a parameter for characterizing strong quantum fluctuations. This approach offers a versatile framework for probing features of strongly correlated systems, including spin–charge separation and Fermi arcs in quantum materials.

DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02800-4

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-025-02800-4