美国加州大学Hudson Eric R.小组报道了基于动态拉曼跃迁的宽带电场量子传感。该项研究成果发表在2025年2月18日出版的《自然—物理学》上。

据介绍，射频电场的频率、相位和幅度的超灵敏探测，对于无线电通信、宇宙学、暗物质搜索和高保真量子比特控制的应用至关重要。量子谐振子系统，特别是捕获离子，提供具有纳米空间分辨率的高灵敏度电场传感，但通常限于以捕获离子振荡器的运动频率，或离子中的光学跃迁频率为中心的狭窄频率范围。

研究人员提出了一个程序，使精确的电场检测在扩大的频率范围。具体来说，研究人员在单个捕获离子中主题运动拉曼跃迁，以实现比以前的方法大800倍以上的频率范围内的灵敏度。研究人员表明，该方法与通过压缩的量子放大和在Fock基上的测量相兼容，从而实现了性能3.4(2.0)低于标准量子极限的dB。该方法可以推广到其他量子谐振子系统，如超导量子比特谐振器系统。

附：英文原文

Title: Wideband electric field quantum sensing via motional Raman transitions

Author: Wu, Hao, Mitts, Grant D., Ho, Clayton Z. C., Rabinowitz, Joshua A., Hudson, Eric R.

Issue&Volume: 2025-02-18

Abstract: Ultrasensitive detection of the frequency, phase and amplitude of radiofrequency electric fields is crucial for applications in radio communication, cosmology, dark matter searches and high-fidelity qubit control. Quantum harmonic oscillator systems, especially trapped ions, offer high-sensitivity electric field sensing with nanometre spatial resolution but are typically restricted to narrow frequency ranges centred around the motional frequency of the trapped-ion oscillator or the frequency of an optical transition in the ion. Here we present a procedure that enables precise electric field detection over an expanded frequency range. Specifically, we use motional Raman transitions in a single trapped ion to achieve sensitivity across a frequency range over 800 times larger than previous approaches. We show that the method is compatible with both quantum amplification via squeezing and measurement in the Fock basis, allowing a demonstration of performance 3.4(2.0)dB below the standard quantum limit. The approach can be extended to other quantum harmonic oscillator systems, such as superconducting qubit–resonator systems.

DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02753-0

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-024-02753-0