近日，中国科学院水土保持与生态环境研究中心高鹏团队，在研究黄河中游河段断面形态变化及其对流沙过程的响应中取得新进展。2025年1月14日出版的《中国地理科学》杂志发表了这项成果。

据介绍，河流断面形态的变化对河流的洪流量和输沙能力有决定性影响；这些变化强烈地反映了一条河流的生命力。

基于1974-1987年和2007-2021年两个不同时期的河流断面和泥沙资料，研究人员采用趋势分析、变点分析和泥沙等级曲线法，分析了龙门水文站黄河干流断面形态的变化过程及其对流量和泥沙变化的响应。结果显示，1974-1987年（除1977年外），河床淤积，河床高程上升。相反，从2007年到2021年，河床经历了隆起，河床高程逐渐降低。在龙门截面处，截面形状由矩形变为U形（右侧较深）。

径流和泥沙过程的变化显著影响了河流断面的演变。流量系数(P<0.05)、泥沙排放量系数(P<0.01)，泥沙负荷系数(P<0.01)显著降低。水深与泥沙荷载系数呈幂函数关系。泥沙排放量的减少趋势明显强于径流的减少趋势。悬浮的泥沙颗粒趋向于变得更细。泥沙等级曲线表明，上游输沙量减少，河道侵蚀力增加，导致2007-2021年龙门断面河床高程逐渐下降。研究结果强调，这些发现有助于更好地理解河流演变过程中，生态恢复对河流流量和泥沙变化的影响。

附：英文原文

Title: Changes in River Cross-section Morphology and Response to Streamflow and Sediment Processes in Middle Reaches of Yellow River, China

Author: Wen, Yongfu, Li, Pengfei, Li, Mengzhen, Ma, Chaohui, Gao, Peng, Mu, Xingmin, Zhao, Guangju

Issue&Volume: 2025-01-14

Abstract: Changes in river cross-section morphology have decisive influences on the flood discharge and sand transport capacity of rivers; thus, these changes strongly reflect the vitality of a river. In this paper, based on the river cross-section and water and sediment data of two different periods (1974–1987 and 2007–2021), the trend analysis, change-point analysis and sediment rating curve method were used to analyze the change process of river cross-section morphology and its response to streamflow and sediment changes in the main river stream of the Yellow River at the Longmen hydrological station. From 1974 to 1987 (except in 1977), the riverbed experienced siltation, and the riverbed elevation rose. Conversely, from 2007 to 2021, the riverbed experienced scouring, and the riverbed elevation gradually decreased. The cross-section shape changed from rectangular to U-shaped (deeper on the right side) at the Longmen cross-section. The changes in streamflow and sediment processes significantly impacted the evolution of river cross-section. Streamflow (P < 0.05), sediment discharge (P < 0.01), and the sediment load coefficients (P < 0.01) decreased significantly. The relationship between the water depth and sediment load coefficients followed a power function. The decreasing trend in sediment discharge was significantly stronger than that in streamflow. Suspended sediment particles tended to become finer. The sediment rating curve indicates that the sediment supply from upstream decreased while the erosive power in the river channel increased, leading to a gradual decline in riverbed elevation at the Longmen cross-section from 2007 to 2021. These findings help us better understand the impacts of ecological restoration on changes in river streamflow and sediment during river evolution.

DOI: 10.1007/s11769-025-1488-3

Source: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11769-025-1488-3