巴黎圣普雷斯神经科学研究所Brandon M. Stell课题组发现了快速运动技能调整与人群水平的小脑错误信号调制有关。相关论文发表在2025年12月4日出版的《自然—神经科学》杂志上。

该课题组研究人员将感觉运动扰动引入简单的操纵杆拉杆行为中，发现浦肯野细胞的副矢状带具有复杂刺突活动的相互调节，并具有快速适应行为。而在未受干扰的情况下，复杂尖峰显示出很少的调制，当扰动引入时，交替波段被激活或抑制，这种调制编码了产生的感觉运动不匹配的符号和大小。这些发现为小脑主题如何监督学习以快速适应运动行为以应对扰动提供了重要的见解。

据了解，小脑学习理论的一个核心原理是，来自下橄榄的攀爬纤维将有关运动执行的错误信号传递给小脑皮层的浦肯野细胞。这些输入触发了突触的变化，这些变化被认为会推动对未来运动的渐进调整。单独来说，二进制复杂尖峰信号缺乏关于错误符号和大小的信息，这给小脑学习范式的快速适应带来了问题。

附：英文原文

Title: Rapid motor skill adjustment is associated with population-level modulation of cerebellar error signals

Author: Nguyen, Vinh, Gros, Capucine, Stell, Brandon M.

Issue&Volume: 2025-12-04

Abstract: A core principle of cerebellar learning theories is that climbing fibers from the inferior olive convey error signals about movement execution to Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex. These inputs trigger synaptic changes, which are purported to drive progressive adjustment of future movements. Individually, binary complex spike signals lack information about the sign and magnitude of errors which presents a problem for cerebellar learning paradigms exhibiting fast adaptation. Here, using a newly developed behavioral paradigm in mice, we introduced sensorimotor perturbations into a simple joystick-pulling behavior and found parasagittal bands of Purkinje cells with reciprocal modulation of complex spike activity, along with rapid adaptation of the behavior. Whereas complex spiking showed little modulation in the unperturbed condition, alternating bands were activated or inhibited when the perturbation was introduced and this modulation encoded the sign and magnitude of the resulting sensorimotor mismatch. These findings provide important insight about how the cerebellum uses supervised learning to quickly adapt motor behavior in response to perturbations.

DOI: 10.1038/s41593-025-02126-7

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-025-02126-7