丹麦奥尔堡大学M. Albertsen小组提出了丹麦环境微生物组图谱——Microflora Danica。该研究于2025年12月3日发表于国际一流学术期刊《自然》杂志上。

在这里，研究组展示了Microflora Danica，一个丹麦环境微生物组图谱，包含10683个鸟枪宏基因组和450个几乎全长的16S和18S rRNA数据集，与五个级别的栖息地分类方案相关联。研究团队发现，尽管人类干扰的栖息地具有较高的α多样性，但物种会重新出现，揭示了隐藏的同质性。这强调了自然系统在维持总物种（γ）多样性方面的作用，并强调需要建立国家基线来跟踪微生物对土地主题和气候变化的反应。

因此，该团队将他们的数据集探索重点放在硝化物上，这是一个与气候变化密切相关的功能组，对丹麦的主要土地主题：农业具有重要意义。研究小组确定了几个编码硝化菌关键基因的谱系，并揭示了土地干扰对已充分研究和未表征的硝化菌群丰度的影响，以及对N₂O排放的潜在影响。Danica微生物群落为解决微生物生态学中有关驱动微生物多样性、分布和功能的基本问题提供了无与伦比的抵抗力。

研究人员表示，在过去的20年里，在揭示在自然和人类相关环境中支撑过程的微生物组方面取得了相当大的进展。最近的大规模宏基因组调查记录了海洋、人类肠道和地球上微生物生命的多样性，汇编了公共数据集的需求。然而，尽管这些研究的范围很广，但往往缺乏功能信息，而且它们的样本位置往往分布稀疏，分辨率有限或缺乏元数据。

附：英文原文

Title: The Microflora Danica atlas of Danish environmental microbiomes

Author: Singleton, C. M., Jensen, T. B. N., Delogu, F., Knudsen, K. S., Srensen, E. A., Jrgensen, V. R., Karst, S. M., Yang, Y., Sereika, M., Petriglieri, F., Knutsson, S., Dall, S. M., Kirkegaard, R. H., Kristensen, J. M., Overgaard, C. K., Woodcroft, B. J., Speth, D. R., Aroney, S. T. N., Wagner, M., Dueholm, M. K. D., Nielsen, P. H., Albertsen, M.

Issue&Volume: 2025-12-03

Abstract: Over the past 20 years, there have been considerable advances in revealing the microbiomes that underpin processes in natural and human-associated environments. Recent large-scale metagenome surveys have recorded the variety of microbial life in the oceans1, in the human gut2 and on Earth3, with compilations encompassing thousands of public datasets4,5. However, despite their broad scope, these studies often lack functional information, and their sample locations are frequently sparsely distributed, limited in resolution or lacking metadata. Here we present Microflora Danica—an atlas of Danish environmental microbiomes encompassing 10,683 shotgun metagenomes and 450 nearly full-length 16S and 18S rRNA datasets, linked to a five-level habitat classification scheme. We show that although human-disturbed habitats have high alpha diversity, species reoccur, revealing hidden homogeneity. This underlines the role of natural systems in maintaining total species (gamma) diversity and emphasizes the need for national baselines for tracking microbial responses to land-use and climate change. Consequently, we focused our dataset exploration on nitrifiers, a functional group closely linked to climate change and of major importance for Denmark’s primary land use: agriculture. We identify several lineages encoding nitrifier key genes and reveal the effects of land disturbance on the abundance of well-studied, as well as uncharacterized, nitrifier groups, with potential implications for N2O emissions. Microflora Danica offers an unparalleled resource for addressing fundamental questions in microbial ecology about what drives microbial diversity, distribution and function.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09794-2

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09794-2