近日，河北科技大学张少飞团队报道了利用有机硅化学一步法喷涂制备超疏水膜及其在膜蒸馏中的性能。2025年12月25日，《中国高分子科学杂志》发表了这一成果。

膜蒸馏是一种先进的膜分离技术，其利用疏水性微孔膜，在温差产生的蒸气压梯度驱动下，实现原料液中非挥发性溶质的分离。该技术兼具强效脱盐能力，并能高效利用地热、废热等低品位热源，为解决淡水资源短缺问题提供了经济有效的方案。然而，疏水膜易受原料液中表面活性剂、无机盐等物质污染。

研究组通过有机硅化学方法对碳纳米管与二氧化硅构成的低表面能复合纳米无机材料进行修饰与合成，并采用一步喷涂法在具有微纳结构的聚偏氟乙烯膜表面成功构建了水接触角达157.96°的超疏水表面。与未改性聚偏氟乙烯膜相比，该超疏水膜对CaCl₂、Mg(OH)₂、CaCO₃、CaSO₄等常见结垢剂表现出更优异的抗污染性能，且在膜蒸馏测试中保持稳定的渗透通量（13.4 kg·m^-2·h^-1）。此外，改性膜在处理含十二烷基硫酸钠的原料液时展现出更强的抗润湿能力，显著延长了膜的使用寿命。凭借其卓越性能，该超疏水膜有望推动膜蒸馏技术在复杂废水处理及高效海水淡化领域的实际应用。

附：英文原文

Title: Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Membrane <italic style="font-style: italic">via</italic> One-step Spraying Strategy Utilizing Organosilicon Chemistry and Its Performance in Membrane Distillation

Author: Tian-Tian Li, Zheng Xu, Yu-Jing Zhang, Ming-Han Su, Shun-Da Liu, Shao-Fei Zhang

Issue&Volume: 2025-12-25

Abstract: Membrane distillation (MD) is an advanced membrane separation process that employs hydrophobic microporous membranes to separate non-volatile solutes from the feed solution, driven by vapor pressure gradients generated through thermal difference. This technology offers strong desalination capabilities and efficiently harnesses low-grade thermal energy sources, including geothermal and waste heat, making it a cost-effective solution for freshwater scarcity. Nevertheless, hydrophobic membranes are prone to contamination by surfactants, inorganic salts, and other substances in feed solutions. To address this, low-surface-energy composite nano-inorganic materials composed of carbon nanotubes and silica were modified and synthesized via organosilicon chemistry. A superhydrophobic surface exhibiting a water contact angle of 157.96o was successfully fabricated using above nano-materials on poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane surface with micro-nano structures via a one-step spray-coating method. Compared to unmodified PVDF membrane, the superhydrophobic membrane demonstrated superior resistance to common scaling agents such as CaCl2, Mg(OH)2, CaCO3, and CaSO4, while maintaining stable permeate flux (13.4 kg·m–2·h–1) during MD tests. Additionally, the modified membrane exhibited enhanced wetting resistance when treating feed solutions containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), significantly extending the operational lifespan of the membrane. Due to its outstanding performance, this superhydrophobic membrane is expected to promote the practical application of MD technology in the treatment of complex wastewater and efficient seawater desalination.

DOI: 10.1007/s10118-025-3488-2

Source: https://www.cjps.org/en/article/doi/10.1007/s10118-025-3488-2/