近日，中国科学院地球环境研究所刘卫国团队报道了绘制中国湖水氢氧同位素组成的空间变异性：模式和驱动因素。相关论文发表在2025年12月17日出版的《中国科学：地球科学》杂志上。

当前关于中国湖泊氢氧同位素组成（δD_lw 与 δ¹⁸O_lw）的研究主要集中于单个水体，大规模空间分析仍存在明显不足，这限制了人们理解不同气候背景下区域差异及共同水文控制机制的能力。

为此，研究组开展了系统性研究，分析全国131个湖泊的δD_lw 与δ¹⁸O_lw数据，并结合已发表的150个湖泊数据，首次绘制了揭示湖水同位素显著空间异质性的全国分布图。值得注意的是，尽管存在采样时间和空间的差异，多个研究中的36个湖泊显示出稳定的δD_lw 与δ¹⁸O_lw值，这验证了跨湖泊比较的可靠性。研究结果表明鲜明的区域格局：干旱的西部/北部地区湖泊水与年均降水间同位素差异更大、d-excess值更低、蒸发/入流比（E/I）更高，反映了强烈的蒸发富集效应。

相比之下，湿润的东部/南部地区湖泊表现出较小的同位素差异、较高的d-excess值和较低的E/I值，表明其同位素特征主要受降水输入控制。值得注意的是，青藏高原、内蒙古及云贵高原的部分湖泊显示出比当地降水更偏负的δD_lw 与 δ¹⁸O_lw值，这可能指示冰川融水和/或地下水的重要补给作用。这些发现强调，在解释湖水同位素特征时，尤其是在跨越不同气候带的情况下，必须区分蒸发效应与补给水源的影响。

附：英文原文

Title: Mapping the spatial variability of hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions in Chinese lake water: Patterns and drivers

Author: Hu LIU, Ping ZHANG, Huanye WANG, Zhoufeng WANG, Zhonghui LIU, Meng XING, Zheng WANG, Yixuan LI, Yunning CAO, Xiangzhong LI, Weiguo LIU

Issue&Volume: 2025/12/17

Abstract: While current studies on hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions (δDlw and δ18Olw) in Chinese lakes have predominantly focused on individual water bodies, a critical gap remains in large-scale spatial analysis, limiting our understanding of regional variations and common hydrological controls across different climate regimes. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study analyzing δDlw and δ18Olw from 131 lakes across China, combined with published data from 150 additional lakes, generating the first nationwide maps that reveal pronounced spatial heterogeneity in lake water isotopes. Remarkably, 36 lakes in multiple studies show consistent δDlw and δ18Olw values despite temporal and spatial sampling differences, validating robust cross-lake comparisons. Our results indicate distinct regional patterns: lakes in arid western/northern regions exhibit greater isotopic differences between lake water and annual average precipitation, lower d-excess values, and higher evaporation-to-inflow (E/I) ratios, indicating strong evaporative enrichment. In contrast, lakes in humid eastern/southern regions show smaller isotopic differences, higher d-excess, and lower E/I values, suggesting their isotopic signatures primarily reflect precipitation inputs. Notably, some lakes on the Tibetan Plateau, Inner Mongolia, and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau display more negative δDlw and δ18Olw values than local precipitation, which may indicate dominant recharge from glacial meltwater and/or groundwater. These findings highlight the essential need to differentiate evaporation effects and recharge sources when interpreting lake water isotopes, particularly across diverse climatic zones.

DOI: 10.1007/s11430-025-1762-0

Source: https://www.sciengine.com/SCES/doi/10.1007/s11430-025-1762-0