加州大学Alan R. Saltiel研究团队取得一项新突破。他们发现了中性粒细胞维持交感神经激活的脂肪细胞的能量储存。2025年12月10日出版的《自然》杂志发表了这项成果。

在这里，课题组报道了脂肪细胞的β3-肾上腺素能激活诱导中性粒细胞进入白色脂肪组织（WAT）的短暂性和储库特异性浸润，特别是在富含脂质的内脏WAT中。中性粒细胞的募集需要刺激脂肪细胞中的脂解和p38 MAPK，并由白三烯B4的分泌介导。招募的中性粒细胞原位活化，局部分泌IL-1β，抑制脂肪分解并限制过度的能量损失。中性粒细胞耗竭或阻断IL-1β的产生会增加脂肪分解，导致重复β3-肾上腺素能刺激后WAT质量减少。总之，这些发现揭示了中性粒细胞来源的IL-1β在代谢应激期间保存脂质储存的作用，突出了先天免疫细胞在限制脂质损失和维持能量稳态方面的生理功能。

研究人员表示，脂肪组织通过在营养过剩时储存脂质，并在能量需求时通过脂肪分解释放它们来维持能量稳态。虽然脂肪分解对短期代谢适应至关重要，但长期代谢应激需要适应性变化来保持能量储备。

附：英文原文

Title: Neutrophils preserve energy storage in sympathetically activated adipocytes

Author: Son, Seunghwan, Xu, Cindy, Fu, Haipeng, Wisessaowapak, Churaibhon, Valentine, Joseph M., An, Garam, Jang, Janice, Dinh, Maddox, Dai, Yang, Fan, Weiwei, Yu, Ruth T., Downes, Michael, Ying, Wei, Skorobogatko, Yuliya, Evans, Ronald M., Saltiel, Alan R.

Issue&Volume: 2025-12-10

Abstract: Adipose tissue maintains energy homeostasis by storing lipids during nutrient surplus and releasing them through lipolysis in times of energy demand1,2. While lipolysis is essential for short-term metabolic adaptation, prolonged metabolic stress requires adaptive changes that preserve energy reserves2,3. Here we report that β3-adrenergic activation of adipocytes induces a transient and depot-specific infiltration of neutrophils into white adipose tissue (WAT), particularly in lipid-rich visceral WAT. Neutrophil recruitment requires the stimulation of both lipolysis and p38 MAPK in adipocytes, and is mediated by the secretion of leukotriene B4. Recruited neutrophils undergo activation in situ, and locally secrete IL-1β, which suppresses lipolysis and limits excessive energy loss. Neutrophil depletion or blockade of IL-1β production increases lipolysis, leading to reduced WAT mass after repeated β3-adrenergic stimulation. Together, these findings reveal a role of neutrophil-derived IL-1β in preserving lipid stores during metabolic stress, highlighting a physiological function of innate immune cells in limiting lipid loss and maintaining energy homeostasis.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09839-6

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09839-6