近日，美国华盛顿大学Frank J. Pavia团队报道了宇宙尘埃揭示了过去3万年中北极中部海冰覆盖的动态变化。这一研究成果发表在2025年11月6日出版的《科学》杂志上。

北极海冰的消失影响着生物生产力、沿海社区的维持和地缘政治。预测这些影响需要对北极海冰如何对气候变化作出反应的机制理解，但这受到缺乏长期记录的限制。

基于两种同位素钍-230和地外氦-3的测量，研究组提出了北冰洋3万年海冰覆盖的连续重建，它们的埋藏比随海冰覆盖而变化。研究组发现，在最后一次冰期期间，北极中部常年被海冰覆盖。海冰覆盖在大约15000年前的消冰期间消退，在温暖的全新世早期达到季节性海冰覆盖的顶峰，然后在全新世晚期冰覆盖增加。海冰变化与生物营养消耗密切相关，这支持了北冰洋中部营养匮乏、海冰持续减少的预测。

附：英文原文

Title: Cosmic dust reveals dynamic shifts in central Arctic sea-ice coverage over the past 30,000 years

Author: Frank J. Pavia, Jesse R. Farmer, Laura Gemery, Thomas M. Cronin, Jonathan Treffkorn, Kenneth A. Farley

Issue&Volume: 2025-11-06

Abstract: Arctic sea-ice loss affects biological productivity, sustenance in coastal communities, and geopolitics. Forecasting these impacts requires mechanistic understanding of how Arctic sea ice responds to climate change, but this is limited by scarce long-term records. We present continuous 30,000-year reconstructions of sea-ice coverage from the Arctic Ocean based on measurements of two isotopes, thorium-230 and extraterrestrial helium-3, whose burial ratio changes with sea-ice coverage. We found that the central Arctic was perennially covered by sea ice during the last glaciation. Sea-ice cover retreated during the deglaciation approximately 15,000 years ago, culminating in seasonal sea-ice coverage in the warm early Holocene, before ice coverage increased into the late Holocene. Sea-ice changes closely correlate with biological nutrient consumption, supporting projections of a nutrient-starved central Arctic Ocean with continued sea-ice loss.

DOI: adv5767

Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adv5767