近日，巴西马米拉瓦可持续发展研究所Ayan Santos Fleischmann团队报道了在不断变化的气候下，亚马逊水域极度变暖。2025年11月6日，《科学》杂志发表了这一成果。
2023年，一场前所未有的干旱和热浪严重影响了亚马逊水域，导致鱼类和河豚的高死亡率。监测的10个湖泊中有5个白天水温异常高（超过37°C），其中一个大湖在整个约2米深的水柱中高达41°C，昼夜变化高达13°C。
模拟结果表明，高太阳辐射、低水深和低风速以及浑浊水域是高温的主要驱动因素。1990年至2023年期间，该地区湖泊的卫星估计显示，亚马逊水域的极端升温是每十年0.6°C的长期增长。随着气候的持续变化，接近或超过水生生物热耐受性的温度在热带水生系统中可能会变得越来越普遍。
附：英文原文
Title: Extreme warming of Amazon waters in a changing climate
Author: Ayan Santos Fleischmann, Fabrice Papa, Stephen K. Hamilton, John Melack, Bruce Forsberg, Adalberto Val, Walter Collischonn, Leonardo Laipelt, Júlia Brusso Rossi, Bruno Comini de Andrade, Bruna Mendel, Priscila Alves, Maiby Bandeira, Lady Custódio, Maria Cecília Gomes, Débora Hymans, Isabela Keppe, Raize Mendes, Renan Nascimento, Paula dos Santos Silva, Camila Vieira, Rodrigo Xavier, André Zumak, Anderson Ruhoff, Wencai Zhou, Sally MacIntyre, Eduardo G. Martins, Naziano Filizola, Rogério Marinho, Ednaldo Bras Severo, Mariana Frias, Renata D. Alquezar, Lucas Lauretto, Waleska Gravena, André Coelho, Hilda Chávez-Pérez, Susana Braz-Mota, Michel Chamy, Daniel Medeiros Moreira, Leandro Guedes Santos, José R. Pacheco Peleja, Miriam Marmontel
Issue&Volume: 2025-11-06
Abstract: In 2023, an unprecedented drought and heat wave severely affected Amazon waters, leading to high mortality of fishes and river dolphins. Five of 10 lakes monitored had exceptionally high daytime water temperatures (over 37°C), with one large lake reaching up to 41°C in the entire approximately 2-meter-deep water column and up to 13°C of diel variation. Modeling showed that high solar radiation, reduced water depth and wind speed, and turbid waters were the main drivers of the high temperatures. This extreme heating of Amazon waters follows a long-term increase of 0.6°C/decade revealed by satellite estimates across the region’s lakes between 1990 and 2023. With ongoing climate change, temperatures that approach or exceed thermal tolerances for aquatic life are likely to become more common in tropical aquatic systems.
DOI: adr4029
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adr4029