近日，荷兰SRON空间研究组织Matthieu Dogniaux团队报道了全球卫星调查揭示垃圾填埋场甲烷排放的不确定性。相关论文发表在2025年11月5日出版的《自然》杂志上。

甲烷是一种强效但寿命短的温室气体，迅速减少其人为排放可能有助于减缓近期的变暖。固体废物通过有机物的腐烂释放甲烷，占人为甲烷排放总量的10%左右。卫星仪器可以监测甲烷浓度高的热点地区，包括许多甲烷浓度高的城市地区，其中固体废物处理场是最显著的排放点。

研究组对六大洲151个单独废物处理场的甲烷排放进行了调查，使用高分辨率卫星观测，可以探测到超过100 kg h^-1的局部甲烷排放。在这个数据集中，研究组发现他们基于卫星的估计通常与设施规模的报告或模拟排放估计没有相关性。这揭示了目前对废物处理场所甲烷排放的理解存在重大不确定性，需要进一步调查以协调自下而上和自上而下的方法。

研究组还观察到，受管理的垃圾填埋场的每个区域的排放量低于倾倒场，并且检测到的排放强度通常与设施中添加废物的开放式非覆盖部分一致。该研究结果突出了高分辨率卫星观测在探测和监测全球废物部门甲烷排放方面的潜力，提供了可操作的见解，以帮助改进排放估算并集中缓解工作。

附：英文原文

Title: Global satellite survey reveals uncertainty in landfill methane emissions

Author: Dogniaux, Matthieu, Maasakkers, Joannes D., Girard, Marianne, Jervis, Dylan, McKeever, Jason, Schuit, Berend J., Sharma, Shubham, Lopez-Norea, Ana, Varon, Daniel J., Aben, Ilse

Issue&Volume: 2025-11-05

Abstract: Methane is a potent but short-lived greenhouse gas and rapid reductions of its anthropogenic emissions could help decrease near-term warming1. Solid waste emits methane through the decay of organic material, which amounts to about 10% of total anthropogenic methane emissions2. Satellite instruments3 enable monitoring of strong methane hotspots4, including many strongly emitting urban areas that include solid waste disposal sites as most prominent sources5. Here we present a survey of methane emissions from 151 individual waste disposal sites across six continents using high-resolution satellite observations that can detect localized methane emissions above 100kgh–1. Within this dataset, we find that our satellite-based estimates generally show no correlation with reported or modelled emission estimates at facility scale. This reveals major uncertainties in the current understanding of methane emissions from waste disposal sites, warranting further investigations to reconcile bottom-up and top-down approaches. We also observe that managed landfills show lower emission per area than dumping sites, and that detected emission sources often align with the open non-covered parts of the facility where waste is added. Our results highlight the potential of high-resolution satellite observations to detect and monitor methane emissions from the waste sector globally, providing actionable insights to help improve emission estimates and focus mitigation efforts.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09683-8

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09683-8