近日，中国地质科学院地质研究所Chunrui Li团队报道了中国2024年乌什7.0级主震未产生地表破裂，但余震形成明显破裂带。2025年11月5日，《地质学》杂志发表了这一成果。

大而浅的地震通常会造成地表破裂，而余震很少会这样。

研究组记录了一个罕见的案例，2024年中国乌什M_w 7.0级主震未产生地表破裂，但其M_w 5.7级余震却形成了明显破裂带。通过综合野外观测、卫星影像、干涉合成孔径雷达（InSAR）数据与重定位余震序列分析，发现该余震重新激活了浅层背冲与前冲断层，形成具有清晰地表破裂的构造拱起。这一现象表明：余震可通过重新激活既有浅层断层产生显著地表变形，而当前地震危险性评估通常未考虑该机制。研究组强调需将次级浅层断层纳入危险性模型，尤其在复杂冲断褶皱系统中更应重视。

附：英文原文

Title: Aftershock-induced surface ruptures overshadow the 2024 Mw 7.0 Wushi mainshock, China

Author: Haibing Li, Jiawei Pan, Marie-Luce Chevalier, Dongliang Liu, Shiguang Wang, Heng Luo, Long Zhang, Lihua Fang, Teng Wang, Fucai Liu, Shenqiang Chen, Xiaohui He, Xunzhang Zhu, Yihu Zhang, Qiong Wu, Chunrui Li

Issue&Volume: 2025-11-05

Abstract: Large, shallow earthquakes typically produce surface ruptures, whereas aftershocks rarely do. Here, we document a rare case in which the 2024 Mw 7.0 Wushi earthquake (western China) did not rupture the surface, but a Mw 5.7 aftershock did. Integrated field observations, satellite imagery, interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data, and relocated seismicity reveal that the aftershock reactivated shallow back- and fore-thrusts, forming a pop-up structure with clear surface breaks. This event demonstrates that aftershocks can generate significant surface deformation by reactivating pre-existing shallow faults—a process not commonly accounted for in seismic hazard assessments. Our findings emphasize the need to incorporate secondary shallow faults into hazard models, especially in complex fold-and-thrust systems.

DOI: 10.1130/G54078.1

Source: https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article/doi/10.1130/G54078.1/666417/Aftershock-induced-surface-ruptures-overshadow-the