近日，中国科学院紫金山天文台范一中团队研究了用GW230814验证黑洞面积定律。相关论文于2025年11月5日发表在《科学通报》杂志上。

研究组利用GWTC-4.0最新发布的引力波数据，对霍金黑洞面积定理进行了观测验证。通过分析高信噪比双黑洞并合事件GW230814，测量了并合前后黑洞的（总）视界面积。在优选（且合理）的截断后起始时间设置下，发现合并后剩余黑洞的视界面积以较高概率（至少≥99.5%）大于合并前两个黑洞的视界面积之和。

需要特别指出的是，该分析已充分考虑天体方位不确定性的影响。这些结果为黑洞面积定理提供了严格的观测证据，进一步巩固了经典广义相对论在动态强场区域中的有效性。

附：英文原文

Title: Verification of the black hole area law with GW230814

Author: Yi-Zhong Fan a c

Issue&Volume: 2025/11/05

Abstract: We present an observational confirmation of Hawking’s black-hole area theorem using the newly released gravitational-wave data from the GWTC-4.0. We analyze the high signal-to-noise ratio binary black hole merger GW230814 and measure the (total) horizon area of the black holes before and after the merger. For preferred (and reasonable) choices of the post-truncation start time, the horizon area of the remnant black hole is found to be greater than the total horizon area of the two pre-merger black holes at a high possibility (at least ≥99.5%). Importantly, our analysis accounts for sky-location uncertainty. These results provide a stringent observational confirmation of the black-hole area law, further bolstering the validity of classical general relativity in the dynamical, strong-field regime.

DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2025.11.002

Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2095927325011089