近日，上海交通大学么艳彩团队实现了电化学短程反硝化-化学重氮处理低碳硝酸盐废水。相关论文于2025年11月26日发表在《德国应用化学》杂志上。

如何实现低碳高效处理硝酸盐（NO₃^-）废水是一大难题，因为传统的多效蒸发和生物反硝化均为高碳排工艺，尤其当NO₃^-浓度超过1000 mg-N·L^-1时更是如此。

研究组提出一种低碳高效脱氮策略，通过将电化学短程反硝化（NO₃^-→NO₂^-转化）与化学重氮化耦合（ESD-CD），先采用氧化物衍生泡沫铜电极将NO₃^-电化学还原为NO₂^-，再通过氨基磺酸（NH₂SO₃^-）化学重氮化反应快速生成氮气。针对5000 mg-N·L^-1模拟硝酸盐废水，ESD-CD技术可实现98.8%的NO₃^-去除率、99.9%的氮气选择性与95.3%的法拉第效率。其能耗低至9.97 kWh·kg-N^-1，脱氮速率更是达到创纪录的24.87 g-N·m^-2·h^-1。

在光伏驱动下，该技术处理工业硝酸盐废水（3085.2 mg-N·L^-1）时保持稳定性能：NO₃^-去除率超96.6%，氮气选择性达99.2%；与生物反硝化和多效蒸发相比，运行成本分别降低64.4%和74.9%，二氧化碳排放削减79.5%和93.3%。这项研究充分证明，将选择性电化学硝酸盐还原与化学重氮化耦合，可为高浓度硝酸盐废水的可持续处理提供创新解决方案。

附：英文原文

Title: Electrochemical Shortcut Denitrification Coupled with Chemical Diazotization for Low-Carbon Nitrate Wastewater Treatment

Author: Weixing Zhang, Furong Guo, Weiting Gong, Di Yang, Xia Yin, Falong Jia, Wendong Wei, Yancai Yao, Lizhi Zhang

Issue&Volume: 2025-11-26

Abstract: Efficient treatment of nitrate (NO3) wastewater with low carbon emission is a tough challenge because traditional multiple-effect evaporation and biological denitrification are carbon-intensive, especially in the case of NO3 concentration higher than 1000 mg-N L1. In this study, we demonstrate a low-carbon and high-energy-efficiency denitrification strategy by coupling electrochemical shortcut denitrification (NO3-to-NO2 conversion) with chemical diazotization (ESD-CD), where NO3 is first electrochemically reduced to NO2 by an oxide-derived Cu foam electrode, which then reacts with sulfamate (NH2SO3) via chemical diazotization to rapidly generate N2. For 5000 mg-N L1 simulated NO3 wastewater, the ESD-CD achieved 98.8% NO3 removal efficiency, 99.9% N2 selectivity, and 95.3% Faradaic efficiency. Impressively, its energy consumption was as low as 9.97 kWh kg-N1, and its denitrification rate reached an unprecedented record of 24.87 g-N m2 h1. Driven by photovoltaic cells, the ESD-CD process maintained stable performance in treating industrial NO3 wastewater (3085.2 mg-N L1) with over 96.6% NO3 removal efficiency and 99.2% N2 selectivity, and also reduced operational costs by 64.4% and 74.9%, and CO2 emissions by 79.5% and 93.3% in comparison with biological denitrification and multiple-effect evaporation, underscoring the promising potential of coupling selective electrochemical NO3 reduction with chemical diazotization for sustainable treatment of high-concentration NO3 wastewater.

DOI: 10.1002/anie.202516226

Source: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/anie.202516226