近日，奥地利维也纳量子科学与技术中心（VCQ）Frederik Moller团队实现了通过测量德鲁德重量来表征量子气体中的输运。2025年11月27日，《科学》杂志发表了这篇论文。

输运性质定义了材料作为绝缘体、金属或超导体的特性。一个基本参数是德鲁德权重，它量化了电荷载流子的弹道输运。

研究组测量了一维限制的相互作用玻色原子超冷气体的德鲁德权重，通过施加恒定外力以及连接两个预先制备于不同平衡态的子系统，表征由此产生的原子流和能量流。他们证明了即使存在相互作用和有限温度，仍能实现无耗散输运，这表明守恒量在最低阶流体力学描述下发生了弹道输运。该方法为表征强关联量子物质的输运特性提供了稳健且透明的框架，在理论尚未完善的领域同样适用。

附：英文原文

Title: Characterizing transport in a quantum gas by measuring Drude weights

Author: Philipp Schüttelkopf, Mohammadamin Tajik, Nataliia Bazhan, Federica Cataldini, Si-Cong Ji, Jrg Schmiedmayer, Frederik Mller

Issue&Volume: 2025-11-27

Abstract: Transport properties define materials as insulators, metals, or superconductors. A fundamental parameter is the Drude weight, which quantifies the ballistic transport of charge carriers. Here, we measure the Drude weights of an ultracold gas of interacting bosonic atoms confined to one dimension, characterizing atomic and energy currents induced by applying a constant force and by joining two subsystems prepared in different equilibrium states. We demonstrate dissipationless transport, even in the presence of interactions and finite temperature, signifying ballistic propagation of conserved quantities corresponding to lowest order hydrodynamics. Our approach provides a robust and transparent framework for characterizing transport in strongly correlated quantum matter, applicable in regimes where theory remains incomplete.

DOI: ads8327

Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ads8327