近日，南昌大学陈义旺团队报道了激光退火可实现使钙钛矿太阳能组件的快速、无降解的环境处理。这一研究成果发表在2025年11月27日出版的《科学》杂志上。

与旋涂法制备的小面积钙钛矿薄膜（需在惰性气氛中长时间热退火完成结晶）不同，印刷型钙钛矿光伏器件面临晶体生长质量与环境降解（水氧暴露）间的根本性权衡。

通过原位掠入射广角X射线散射分析，研究组揭示了热处理过程中包含四个阶段的降解机制，并确定了123±18秒的环境降解窗口期——在此期间水氧效应被显著抑制。采用455纳米波长、20瓦特每平方厘米的激光退火技术，其辐照度比传统热退火方法（0.06瓦特每平方厘米）高出两个数量级，有效阻止了6H钙钛矿相的累积。该策略使100平方厘米刚性组件实现24.0%的功率转换效率，柔性组件达20.7%，创下可扩展型钙钛矿光伏的最高效率纪录。

附：英文原文

Title: Laser annealing enables rapid, degradation-free ambient processing of perovskite solar modules

Author: Zhaoyang Chu, Baojin Fan, Yue Zhao, Yihuan Xie, Yaling Luo, Junliang Li, Chenxiang Gong, Yong Zhang, Xiangchuan Meng, Yu Chen, Hongxiang Li, Xiaotian Hu, Yiwang Chen

Issue&Volume: 2025-11-27

Abstract: Unlike small-area perovskite films produced by spin coating, which undergo prolonged thermal annealing in inert atmosphere for full crystallization, printable perovskite photovoltaics face a critical trade-off between crystal growth quality and ambient degradation from water and oxygen exposure. Through in situ grazing-incidence wide-angle x-ray scattering analysis, we reveal a four-stage degradation mechanism during thermal processing and identify a 123 ± 18–second ambient degradation-free window where water and oxygen effects are mitigated. The laser annealing (455-nanometer wavelength, 20 watts per square centimeter) provides irradiance that is two orders of magnitude higher than that of conventional thermal methods (0.06 watts per square centimeter), which prevents 6H perovskite phase accumulation. The strategy yields power conversion efficiencies of 24.0% (in a 100–square centimeter rigid module) and 20.7% (in a flexible counterpart), representing high reported values for scalable perovskite photovoltaics.

DOI: adx9650

Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adx9650