近日，中山大学谭庚文团队研究了具有末端氮锗三键的可分离的锗异腈。该项研究成果发表在2025年11月24日出版的《自然-化学》杂志上。

异腈（R–N≡C）最早由利克于1859年发现，是有机化学和金属有机化学中广泛应用的功能分子。相比之下，其第14族同系物四族异腈（R–N≡E，E=Si、Ge、Sn或Pb）的合成与研究仍极具挑战性，因其具有极高的反应活性。此类物种的表征主要依赖低温或气相条件下的光谱数据。

研究组报道了一种通过大位阻芳基配体稳定的锗类异腈（Ar–N≡Ge）的合成与表征。该化合物含有末端的N≡Ge三键（Ge–N键长1.6395(19) Å），通过X射线晶体学、固态¹?N核磁共振光谱学及计算研究进行了系统表征。高度极化的N≡Ge基团对有机底物和过渡金属前体表现出多样的反应性，凸显了其在合成化学中的应用潜力。

附：英文原文

Title: An isolable germa-isonitrile featuring a terminal nitrogen–germanium triple bond

Author: Wang, Zixu, Ding, Chengxiang, Chen, Yizhen, Huang, Mengdi, Wang, Dongmin, Xu, Lei, Pan, Sudip, Ye, Shengfa, Tan, Gengwen

Issue&Volume: 2025-11-24

Abstract: Isonitriles (R–N≡C), first discovered by Lieke in 1859, are well-established functional molecules in organic and organometallic chemistry. By contrast, the synthesis and investigation of tetrela-isonitriles (R–N≡E, E=Si, Ge, Sn or Pb), their heavier group 14 analogues, remain challenging due to their high reactivity. The characterization of such species has largely relied on spectroscopic data collected at cryogenic temperatures or under gas-phase conditions. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of a germa-isonitrile (Ar–N≡Ge) stabilized by a bulky aryl ligand. This compound, which features a terminal N≡Ge triple bond with a GeN bond length of 1.6395(19), has been characterized through X-ray crystallographic, solid-state 1N nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic and computational studies. The highly polarized N≡Ge moiety exhibits versatile reactivity towards organic substrates and transition metal precursors, underscoring its potential use in synthetic chemistry.

DOI: 10.1038/s41557-025-01997-4

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41557-025-01997-4