Guillaume Longin研究组揭示了健康的森林保护着亚马逊地区传统的野生肉类食物系统。相关论文于2025年11月26日发表在《自然》杂志上。

利用625个农村地区捕获的447,438只动物的数据集，课题组人员估计每年提取0.57亚马逊地区裸露的动物生物量，相当于0.34大量可食用的野肉。在174个分类群中，有20个占所有被猎杀动物的72%，占总生物量的84%。该课题组的研究表明，这一数量的野生肉类可以满足农村人口近一半的蛋白质和铁的膳食需求，以及他们对B族维生素（18% - 126%）和锌（23%）的很大一部分需求。

然而，野生肉类产量可能在近50万公斤的时间里下降了67%。亚马逊地区高度砍伐的森林面积。

此外，在人口较多、离城市更近、森林砍伐更广泛的地区，人均野味可得性显著下降。这些发现突出表明，迫切需要保护森林，以保护生物多样性和传统的野生肉类食物系统，这对于确保亚马逊人民的福祉和实现若干联合国可持续发展目标至关重要。

据介绍，亚马逊河流域是地球上面积最大、物种最丰富的热带森林地区，数千年来，数百种土著文化和多种动物物种在这里相互影响。尽管亚马逊地区为评估野生动物作为数百万农村居民食物来源的价值提供了独特的环境，但野生动物肉的多样性、地理范围、数量和营养价值尚不清楚。

附：英文原文

Title: Healthy forests safeguard traditional wild meat food systems in Amazonia

Author: Antunes, Andr Pinassi, de Araujo Lima Constantino, Pedro, Fa, Julia E., Munari, Daniel P., Morcatty, Thais Q., Jacob, Michelle C. M., Nelson, Bruce W., Cassino, Mariana Franco, Carvalho, Elildo A. R., Ickowitz, Amy, Coad, Lauren, Bodmer, Richard E., Mayor, Pedro, Richard-Hansen, Cecile, Valsecchi, Joo, Campos-Silva, Joo V., Pezzuti, Juarez C. B., Aparcio, Miguel, von Muhlen, Eduardo M., Oliveira, Marcela Alvares, de Paula, Milton J., Pimenta, Natalia C., de Mattos Vieira, Marina A. R., Santos Junior, Marcelo A., Nunes, Andr V., Boubli, Jean P., Suru, Luan M. G., Paumari, Eneias C. S., Paumari, Abimael V. C., Paumari, Jos Lino V. S., Paumari, Germano C., Katukina, Ana Paula L. R., Baniwa, Dzoodzo, Baniwa, Valencio S. M., Baniwa, Walter S. L., Baniwa, Abel O. F., Baniwa, Armindo B., Baniwa, Isaas J. S., Waura, Yaukuma, Silvestre Apurin, Jairo, Apurin, Valdir S. S., Tikuna, Josiane O. G., Tikuna, Elias P. A. L., Kaxinau, Jos L., Kuikuro, Kussugi B., Penaforth Kaixana, Jorge T., Rebelo, George H., Torquato, Dione, Apurin, Vanessa S. F., Antnez, Miguel, Perez-Pea, Pedro E., Fang, Tula G., Puertas, Pablo E., Aquino, Rolando M., Maranho, Louise, Longin, Guillaume

Issue&Volume: 2025-11-26

Abstract: Amazonia is the largest1 and the most species-rich tropical forest region on Earth2, where hundreds of Indigenous cultures and thousands of animal species have interacted over millennia3,4. Although Amazonia offers a unique context to appraise the value of wildlife as a source of food to millions of rural inhabitants, the diversity, geographic extent, volumes and nutritional value of harvested wild meat are unknown. Here, leveraging a dataset comprising 447,438 animals hunted across 625 rural localities, we estimate an annual extraction of 0.57Mt of undressed animal biomass across Amazonia, equivalent to 0.34Mt of edible wild meat. Just 20 out of 174 taxa account for 72% of all animals hunted and 84% of the overall biomass extracted. We show that this amount of wild meat can meet nearly half of protein and iron dietary requirements for rural peoples, along with a substantial portion of their needs for B vitamins (18–126%) and zinc (23%). However, wild meat productivity is likely to have decreased by 67% in nearly 500,000km2 of highly deforested areas of Amazonia. Furthermore, the availability of wild meat per capita decreases significantly in areas with higher human population, greater proximity to cities, and more extensive deforestation. These findings highlight the urgent need to preserve the forest to safeguard biodiversity and traditional wild meat food systems, which will be essential for ensuring Amazonian peoples’ well-being and achieving several of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals5.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09743-z

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09743-z