近日，美国麻省理工学院Strano, Michael S.团队报道了二维聚芳酰胺制备分子不可渗透聚合物。相关论文发表在2025年11月12日出版的《自然》杂志上。

所有聚合物都表现出通过缠结聚合物链的自由体积的透气性。相比之下，包括石墨烯在内的二维（2D）材料密堆可表现出分子不渗透性。溶液合成的2D聚合物通过缩聚反应表现出后者是一个长期目标。

研究组展示了自支撑、自旋涂覆的2D聚芳酰胺纳米膜，其氮渗透率低于3.1×10⁻⁹ Barrer，比现有的每一类聚合物低近4个数量级，对其他测试气体（氦气、氩气、氧气、甲烷和六氟化硫）亦是如此。在纳米膜涂层微孔加压过程中的光学干涉可测量机械敏感的边缘开口和密封，从而产生稳定性超过三年的充气凸起。这一发现使2D聚合物谐振器具有高谐振频率（约8 MHz）和高达537的质量因子，类似于石墨烯。

60 nm的气敏钙钛矿涂层使晶格退化率降低了14倍，氧透率为3.3×10⁻⁸ Barrer。分子不可渗透聚合物有望实现下一代屏障，具有合成可加工性、化学适应性，并以最少的材料来最大化分子排斥率，最终实现可持续发展目标。

附：英文原文

Title: A molecularly impermeable polymer from two-dimensional polyaramids

Author: Ritt, Cody L., Quien, Michelle, Wei, Zitang, Gress, Hagen, Dronadula, Mohan T., Altmisdort, Kaan, Nguyen, Huong Giang T., Zangmeister, Christopher D., Tu, Yu-Ming, Garimella, Sanjay S., Amirabadi, Shahab, Gadaloff, Michael, Hu, Weiguo, Aluru, Narayana R., Ekinci, Kamil L., Bunch, J. Scott, Strano, Michael S.

Issue&Volume: 2025-11-12

Abstract: All polymers exhibit gas permeability through the free volume of entangled polymer chains1,2,3. By contrast, two-dimensional (2D) materials including graphene stack densely and can exhibit molecular impermeability4,5,6. Solution-synthesized 2D polymers that exhibit the latter by poly-condensation have been a longstanding goal. Herein, we demonstrate self-supporting, spin-coated 2D polyaramid nanofilms that exhibit nitrogen permeability below 3.1×109Barrer, nearly four orders of magnitude lower than every class of existing polymer, and similar for other gases tested (helium, argon, oxygen, methane and sulfur hexafluoride). Optical interference during the pressurization of nanofilm-coated microwells allows measurement of mechanosensitive rim opening and sealing, creating gas-filled bulges that are stable exceeding three years. This discovery enables 2D polymer resonators with high resonance frequencies (about 8MHz) and quality factors up to 537, similar to graphene. A 60-nm coating of air-sensitive perovskites reduces the lattice degradation rate 14-fold with an oxygen permeability of 3.3×108Barrer. Molecularly impermeable polymers promise the next generation of barriers that are synthetically processable, chemically amenable and maximize molecular rejection with minimal material, ultimately advancing sustainability goals.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09674-9

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09674-9